The formulation of General Relativity in extended phase space as a way to its quantization

Our attempts to find an explanation for quantum behavior of the Early Universe appeal, as a rule, to the Wheeler - DeWitt Quantum Geometrodynamics which relies upon Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity proposed by Arnowitt, Deser and Misner (ADM). In spite of the fact that the basic ideas of this approach were put forward about fifty years ago, even now we do not have clear understanding what Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity must be. An evidence for it gives a recent paper by Kiriushcheva and Kuzmin [arXiv:0809.0097], where the authors claim that the formulation by ADM and that by Dirac made in his seminal work of 1958 are not equivalent. If so, we face the question what formalism should be chosen. Another problem is that we need a well-grounded procedure of constructing a generator of transformations in phase space for all gravitational variables including gauge ones. It suggests the notion of extended phase space. After analyzing the situation, we show that Hamiltonian formulation in extended phase space is a real alternative to Dirac and ADM formulations and can be constructed to be equivalent to the original (Lagrangian) formulation of General Relativity. Quantization in extended phase space is straightforward and leads to a new description of quantum Universe in which an essential place is given to gauge degrees of freedom.Comment: 4 pages, talk presented at the XII Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Paris, France, July 2009, an equation correcte

Is the Copenhagen interpretation inapplicable to Quantum Cosmology?

It is generally accepted that the Copenhagen interpretation is inapplicable to quantum cosmology, by contrast with the many worlds interpretation. I shall demonstrate that the two basic principles of the Copenhagen interpretation, the principle of wholeness and the principle of complementarity, do make sense in quantum gravity, since we can judge about quantum gravitational processes in the Very Early Universe by their vestiges in our macroscopic Universe. I shall present the extended phase space approach to quantum gravity and show that it can be interpreted in the spirit of the Everett's `relative states' formulation, while there is no contradiction between the `relative states' formulation and the mentioned basic principles of the Copenhagen interpretation.Comment: 23 pages, no figures, the version of the paper that has been published in the journal Univers