Co-application of Difenoconazole with Thymol Results in Suppression of a Parastagonospora Nodorum Mutant Strain Resistant to this Triazole

Results of in vitro study of thymol, a natural chemosensitizer, as a potential agent for overcoming of difenoconazole resistance of Parastagonospora nodorum causing glume and leaf blotch of wheat are first reported. The level of difenoconazole resistance of a natural mutant PNm1 strain with low sensitivity to the Dividend fungicide (a.i. difenoconazole) was determined by the cultivation of this isolate on potato dextrose agar in the presence of the fungicide at sub-lethal and lethal (in relation to the initial fungicide-sensitive strain) concentrations. A principal possibility of the thymol use to overcome resistance of P. nodorum to DMI (demethylation inhibitors) fungicides is shown. Co-application of this compound with Dividend SC, 3 % resulted in a significant reduction of resistance of the mutant strain and enhancement of its sensitivity to difenoconazole up to the level corresponding to the initial non-resistant isolate

Application of the project method using modern IT technologies

This article is devoted to the application of project methodology using IT technologies in the process of studying the subject “Foreign language” and “Foreign language in professional sphere” in the conditions of professional education among students of non-language high school. The article also analyzes the project methodology used as one of the best methods of teaching a foreign language. The article deals with the main theoretical and practical foundations of using project methodology in the educational process. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the working phases of the project, as well as shown methodological techniques used by the teacher at different stages of the project. Besides, the article has covered the results of the experiment held by the “Foreign language in the sphere of Engineering and Technologies” department among the students of the Faculty of Industrial and Civil Engineering of the Don State Technical University, in connection with which the conclusion is made that the project method application has a considerable influence on the increase of the level of motivation of students to learn a foreign language and the effectiveness of teaching

Polymorphism of genes associated with infectious lung diseases in Northern Asian populations and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

The innate Iнн\mmune system is the first to respond to invading pathogens. It is responsible for invader recognition, immune-cell recruitment, adaptive-immunity activation, and regulation of inflammation intensity. Previously, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of innate-immunity genes – rs5743708 (Arg753Gln) of the TLR2 gene and rs8177374 (Ser180Leu) of the TIRAP gene – have been shown to be associated with both pneumonia and tuberculosis in humans, but the data are contradictory among different ethnic groups. It has also been reported that rs10902158 at the PKP3-SIGGIR-TMEM16J genetic locus belongs to a haplotype race-specifically associated with tuberculosis. Meanwhile, a gradient of its frequency is observed in Asia. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of selection for the genotypes of the above-mentioned SNPs on the gene pools of populations living in harsh climatic conditions that contribute to the development of infectious lung diseases. We estimated the prevalence of these variants in white and Asian (Chukchis and Yakuts) population samples from Northern Asia and among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Carriage of the rs5743708 A allele was found to predispose to severe CAP (odds ratio 2.77, p = 0.021), whereas the GG/CT genotype of rs5743708/rs8177374 proved to be protective against it (odds ratio 0.478, p = 0.022) in white patients. No association of rs10902158 with CAP (total or severe) was found among whites. Stratification of CAP by causative pathogen may help eliminate the current discrepancies between different studies. No significant difference in rs5743708 or rs8177374 was found between adolescent and long-lived white samples. Carriage of the alleles studied is probably not associated with predisposition to longevity among whites in Siberia. Both white and Asian populations studied were different from Western European and East Asian populations in the variants’ prevalence. The frequency of the rs8177374 T (Ser180Leu) variant was significantly higher in the Chukchi sample (p = 0, χ2 = 63.22) relative to the East Asian populations. This result may confirm the hypothesis about the selection of this allele in the course of human migration into areas with unfavorable climatic conditions

Usage of Mobile Laboratories of Biological Expertise Abroad and in Russia: Present Day Realities and Prospects

We analyzed the data on availability and usage of mobile laboratories of biological expertise for indication and identification of pathogenic biological agents in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation. We outlined the major types of mobile units that exist abroad and in Russia. Key stages of evolution in design and deployment of mobile laboratories in the network of plague control institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor were described, as well as the broadening of the range of their use in Russia. We assessed operational use of the Russian mobile laboratories, both in Russia and abroad, in the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare during mass events, disaster management, and response to epidemic manifestations of particularly dangerous infectious diseases. Major trends in implementation of mobile units of biological expertise in Russia were identified. We addressed their usage in various State Programs on assistance to partner-countries in the matters of International Health Regulations (2005) implementation, control over dangerous infectious diseases. Advanced inventions – Second generation modernized mobile complex of the specialized anti-epidemic teams, mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics, and airmobile anti-epidemic complex – were discussed

Basic Principles of Construction of Mobile Truck-Mounted Laboratories for Indication and Identification of Infectious Disease Agents

The paper covers historical retrospective of mobile truck-mounted laboratory construction, used for diagnostics of infectious diseases in the Russian Federation, as well as information on analogous laboratories of foreign manufacture. From the standpoint of systemic approach and systemic-functional analysis, investigated has been experience of the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “ Microbe” in developing mobile complexes for indication and identification of infectious disease agents, I-IV pathogenicity groups. Outlined, scientifically substantiated and considered in depth are ten basic principles, underlying design and construction of mobile laboratories for laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases

Corundum Molds for Investment Casting from Refractory Alloys and Metals

Production procedure, physical-chemical, and performance properties of ALUMOX silica-free binder used for the production of high-heat-resistant corundum shell molds by consumable patterns employed in the production of critical molds from superalloyed reactive metals and alloys are described. ALUMOX usage allows obtaining casts from reactive metals and alloys with surface roughness up to 60 m), which, in its turn, increases fatigue parameters of the material (endurance, durability)

High-throughput assay for determining enantiomeric excess of chiral diols, amino alcohols, and amines and for direct asymmetric reaction screening

Determining enantiomeric excess (e.e.) in chiral compounds is key to development of chiral catalyst auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Here we describe a sensitive and robust fluorescence-based assay for determining e.e. in mixtures of enantiomers of 1,2- and 1,3-diols, chiral amines, amino alcohols, and amino-acid esters. The method is based on dynamic self-assembly of commercially available chiral amines, 2-formylphenylboronic acid, and chiral diols in acetonitrile to form fluorescent diastereomeric complexes. Each analyte enantiomer engenders a diastereomer with distinct fluorescence wavelength/intensity originating from enantiopure fluorescent ligands. In this assay, enantiomers of amines and amine derivatives assemble with diol-type ligands containing a binaphthol moiety (BINOL and VANOL), whereas diol enantiomers form complexes with the enantiopure amine-type fluorescent ligand tryptophanol. The differential fluorescence is utilized to determine the amount of each enantiomer in the mixture with an error of &lt;1% e.e. This method enables high-throughput real-time evaluation of enantiomeric/diastereomeric excess (e.e./d.e.) and product yield of crude asymmetric reaction products. The procedure comprises high-throughput liquid dispensing of three components into 384-well plates and recording of fluorescence using an automated plate reader. The approach enables scaling up the screening of combinatorial libraries and, together with parallel synthesis, creates a robust platform for discovering chiral catalysts or auxiliaries for asymmetric transformations and chiral drug development. The procedure takes ~4–6 h and requires 10–20 ng of substrate per well. Our fluorescence-based assay offers distinct advantages over existing methods because it is not sensitive to the presence of common additives/impurities or unreacted/incompletely utilized reagents or catalysts.</p

Garnet granulites of Sutam River middle current sutam river (Aldan Shield) as possible indicators of metamorhosed and tectonically displaced Post-Hadean weathering crust

The article discusses the problem of the nature of high-alumina garnet granulites from Sutam River (Aldan Shield). The studies revealed that the majority of detrital grains have U-Pb age of up to 1.92 Ga; however the zircon grain of 3.94 Ga has been for the first time discovered in Russia. This age is estimated as the upper limit of the Hadean eon. The goals of the present studies were to reveal the petrogenesis of garnet granulites and to find out the origin of the Hadean zircon in these garnet granulites and the mechanisms of injection diapirism of garnet granulite body to the upper horizons of the crust. The comparison of garnet granulites and middle crust showed that the granulites are enriched in the whole spectrum of rare earth elements (except of Eu) as well as Al2O3, U, Th and are depleted in Na, Ca и Sr (the most mobile elements). This in combination with other geochemical indicators suggested the granulite protolith as an upper part of the allite zone of middle crust weathering, formed in arid climate. The Hadean zircon grain is regarded as having been captured from the granites of middle crust. The diapirism of garnet granulites (with the captured Hadean zircon) proceeded during the Paleoproterozoic thermotectogenesis of the Aldan shield which were accompanied by the horizontal propagation of deep-seated granite-anorthosite tectonic flows from the plume’s center to its periphery. During the movement of these flows the fragments of the lower and middle crust were shifted both laterally and vertically. When they moved vertically they were discretely intruded in the upper granite-gneiss crust (1.83-1.82 Ga) under high pressure. The 3.94 Ga zircon is comparable with the Hadean zircons from Acasta orthogneiss (Canadian shield, 4.03-3.94 Ga, SHRIMP and ID-TIMS)

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИМПУЛЬСНОГО ФОТОННОГО ОТЖИГА НА СТРУКТУРУ И ФАЗОВЫЙ СОСТАВ ТОНКОПЛЕНОЧНЫХ СИСТЕМ НА ОСНОВЕ КРЕМНИЯ И ПЕРЕХОДНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ

The present paper investigates element composition,  regularities of structural and phase transformations in Si–Fe–Si and TiN–Ti–Si thin film systems in the process of impulse photon annealing depending on radiation energy density while applying such methods as transmission  electron microscopy, electron  diffraction analysis and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. Optimum characteristics of impulse photon annealing for formation FeSi2 thin films of β-modification on silicon and TiSi2 films in C54 modification have been determined in the paper.Методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии, электронографии и энергодисперсионного рентгеновского микроанализа проведены исследования элементного состава, закономерностей структурных и фазовых превращений, происходящих в тонкопленочных системах Si–Fe–Si и TiN–Ti–Si при импульсном фотонном отжиге в зависимости от плотности энергии облучения. Определены оптимальные параметры импульсного фотонного отжига для формирования на кремнии тонких пленок FeSi2 β-модификации и TiSi2 в модификации C54