Microorganisms’ Effects and Mechanisms in Ocular Infections: A Systematic Review

In the world, microorganisms are the main cause of eye illnesses. Common bacterial infections of the eye, if untreated, can damage the eye\u27s structures and lead to blindness and other visual impairments. The eye may get infected from the outside or as a result of bloodstream-borne germs invading the eye. Infectious bacteria can cause eye infections. Blepharitis, conjunctivitis, Listeriosis, keratitis, dacryocystitis, etc. are some of the frequent eye illnesses brought on by bacterial and fungal pathogens. The information on the variety of ocular surface microorganisms has been significantly increased by the series of genome-based methods through 16S rRNA gene-based identification. According to this research, a sufficient number of bacteria have a substantial part in the pathophysiology of eye illnesses, even though certain bacteria contribute to normal ocular processes. As a result, those with good vision can shed light on the intricacy of the ocular microflora and learn more about some visual requirements in addition to their vital contribution to the regular operation of the eye. Under these conditions, it is crucial to establish a quick, dependable, and affordable procedure that will eventually become a standard diagnostic process. In this literature review, many databases have searched, and the review has been methodically conducted to produce specific results for the hard eye infection disorders

Differential performance of Dianella tasmanica and Pleomele reflexa under coloured shade nets

Cut greens are emerging as an important constituent of the floricultural industry as they add freshness and colour to floral designs. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different coloured shade nets (black, blue, green, red, white and no shade) at 50% shade intensity on growth and quality parameters of Dianella tasmanica and Pleomele reflexa. Both species significantly responded to the change in colour of shade nets. In D. tasmanica, maximum plant height (85.66 cm), stem diameter (8.63 mm) and leaf length (68.33 cm) were recorded under red shade net, while, plant spread (63.03 cm) and leaf breadth (4.06 cm) under black shade net, however, leaf thickness (0.57 cm) and vase life (24.33 days) under white shade net. In P. reflexa, maximum plant height (63.66 cm), stem diameter (9.76 mm), leaf length (17.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.93 cm) and SPAD index (60.10) were recorded under red shade net, whereas, plant spread (36.34 cm) and leaf breadth (3.00 cm) under black shade net, and vase life (25.66 days) under white shade net. Thus, red coloured shade nets could be preferred commercially for better performance of D. tasmanica and P. reflexa

Design and Analysis of Mobile Locomation Approach

One of the most difficult tasks for a robotic system is to determine the best path through the workspace. The main purpose is to prevent obstructions and create an optimum path. As a result, a mobile robot's free configuration space must be managed very carefully for course planning and navigation. The path planning work will be easier, faster, and more efficient if the configuration space is partitioned. In addition, the data perceived by the sensor contains some noise. As a result, we construct an approach to produce an optimal prediction state in order to build a map that aids in the effective management of the environment in order to locate the most efficient paths to target. We use the modified Kalman Filter (MKF) to determine the most reliable sensor data prediction, and then the K-means clustering method to identify the subsequent landmarks while evading barriers

Retrospective analysis of unstable thoracolumbar fractures treated by postural reduction and posterior short segment pedicle fixation

Background: For unstable dorslolumbar injuries, the controversy in choosing between long versus short segment posterior fixation continues.Methods: 29 patients (13 males, 16 females) with single level unstable thoracolumbar fracture operated by short segment posterior pedicle screw fixation were evaluated retrospectively in terms of kyphosis correction achieved in immediate post-operative period, loss of kyhposis correction at final follow up and clinical outcome on Denis pain scale and any failure of fixation. Average follow up period was 22.07 months (14-40 months).Results: Average age of patient was 35.7 years (15-50 years). Mode of injury was fall from height in 27 patients and road traffic accident in 2 patients. 12 fractures were at L1, 9 at D12, 6 at L2 and 2 at L3. Neurologically 11 had paraparesis, 4 complete paraplegia and 14 were without any deficit. Pre-operative kyphotic angle was 23.023±11.14 (8-50 degrees) which improved to 7.03±4.69 (0-18) post operatively. Kyphosis at final follow up was 11.759±5.901 (2-25). Loss of kyphosis correction at final follow up was 4.79±2.042 (2-10 degrees). Load sharing classification score (LSC) was 6.89±1.345 (4-9). Denis pain scale at final follow up was p1 in 11 patients, p2 in 15 patients and p3 in 3 patients. There was no case of implant failure and only one case had kyphosis correction loss of 10 degrees.Conclusions: Short segment fixation provides stable fixation with good results and there is no correlation between LSC and fixation failure

The success rate of external dacryocystorhinostomy with and without suturing the posterior mucosal flaps

Background: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the success rate of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with and without suturing the posterior mucosal flaps. Material and methods: One hundred patients who underwent external DCR surgery were included in this study. They were divided into group A and group B, with 50 patients in each group. In group A, patients who underwent an external DCR with only anterior flaps sutured and removal of posterior flaps were included. In group B, patients who underwent an external DCR with both anterior and posterior flaps sutured were included. All patients came for a follow-up visit at one week, one month, three months, and at six months. The success rate was evaluated by symptomatic relief from epiphora and patency on syringing performed at the follow-up six months after DCR. To evaluate differences in both groups, a Chi-square test was used. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The success rate was 98% in group A, and 84% in group B. Our results show the success rate was higher in group A where anterior flaps were sutured, and posterior flaps were excised. The difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) Conclusions: This study shows that DCR surgery with anterior flaps anastomosis and excision of posterior flaps has a higher success rate than anterior and posterior flaps anastomosis

THE SCOPE OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINE AND THERAPY IN THE MANAGMENT OF INFERTILITY

Infertility is described as an inability to conceive despite unprotective sex for duration of one year or more. Male, female or both can be a victim for this disorder. There may be many biological causes of infertility including some can be treated with medical or surgical intervention. Ayurveda consider this problem as a cause of deterioration of quality of four factors i.e., time of ovulation, female health in context of reproductive system, quality of sperm and ovum and female’s proper nutrition. There are different treatment methods and medicines used according to the deficit in male, female or in both. Vajikaran drugs like Ashwagandha, Madhuyasthi, Vidarikanda, Gokshura etc., are used in male fertility problems and Satavari, Punarnava, Dasmoola, Aloevera etc., used in female infertility problems. The purificatory procedures like Vamana, Virechana, Basti etc., are also found very effective to improve the quality and strength of required reproductive factors in both sexes. The effect of Uttar basti is also evidenced in different researches to treat female infertility

Evaluating substance use in an urbanizing town of mid hills of Northern India

Background: Substance use is emerging as a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Solan, a fast urbanizing town of India has witnessed mushrooming of industries and educational institutes. A surge in the persons booked under the Narcotic Drug and Psychoactive Substance Act 1985 led us to look into the determinants of the substance use in this region.Methods: We undertook a cross sectional study of one year secondary data analysis of 750 substance users screened at the de-addiction centre of Solan Hospital. The data mining was done by the cluster analysis technique. SPSS 16 and STATA 13 software were employed.Results: Mean age of users was 31 years with dominance of males (89.20 %), two third of total users were married, 75% were unemployed, 42% had upper school level education. About 60 and 38% were using cannabis and chitta (a synthetic opioid) respectively. Only 2% were consuming tobacco and alcohol. 62% of substance users had the fear of legal action and 44% had no family history of substance use. 39% had only single parent, 54% had started substance use under peer pressure and duration of use varied between 6 to 24 months.  Alcohol and cannabis were used more in urban and rural areas respectively. 63 and 70% had family history and experience of peer pressure respectively.Conclusions: Cluster analysis has generated substance specific socio-demographic determinants of substance use which would help in planning appropriate substance use alleviation strategies.

RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Do Aromatase Inhibitors Offer Better Choice Than Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators For Management Of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

ABSTRACT Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is responsible for 55% -70% of infertility cases caused by chronic anovulation. Clomiphene Citrate (CC) is considered as first line drug for induction of ovulation in these patients. Aromatase inhibitor has been used as new drug for ovulation induction for last decade. There are many studies related to comparative use of CC and Letrozole but results are not consistent. To review the literature related to use of Letrozole and CC in infertile patient with PCOS to conclude, which is better ovulatory agent for the management of anovulation?. A search of English language literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane database of systemic review and EMBASE databases. Old to most recent publications regarding Letrozole and Clomiphene for ovulation induction were reviewed. Evidences suggest that Letrozole (AI) may replace CC as a first line ovulation inducing agent in infertile patients with PCOS in the future. Many studies showed increased rates of ovulation and pregnancy with fewer side effects by Letrozole as compare to CC. But definitive studies in the form of randomized controlled trials comparing CC with AIs are needed