Effect of serial bathing on plasma metabolites

The present experiments were undertaken to elucidate the effect of serial bathing on plasma metabolites of rats. The rat took a bath for 10 minutes, 34℃ and 40℃ in temperature, in a city water once daily for two or four weeks. After serial bathing, the body weight and the catecholamines, free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose contents in plasma were measured. The results are as follows: 1) The body weight showed a marked decrease after four weeks-serial bathing compared with that of the non-treated rats. 2) After two weeks-serial bathing, the noradrenaline (NA) content decreased slightly, but the adrenaline (A) content increased slightly compared with those in controls. After four weeks-serial bathing, no changes were observed in NA and A contents. 3) Plasma FFA content tended to increase by serial bathing compared with that in controls. 4) Although plasma glucose content tended to increase after two weeks-serial bathing, no change was observed after four weeks-serial bathing compared with that in corresponding controls

Effect of hot spring serial bathing on plasma metabolites

In order to study the effect of bathing for 10 minutes, 34℃ and 40℃ in temperature, in the hot spring in Misasa on plasma metabolites of rats which took a bath once daily for one, two and four weeks, the body weight and the catecholamine, free fatty acid(FFA) and glucose contents in plasma were measured after serial bathing. The body weight tended to decrease by serial bathing compared with non-treated rats. Plasma noradrenaline (NA) content decreased slightly after one and four weeks-serial bathing, but no change was observed after two weeks-serial bathing. Adrenaline content showed the same tendency to decrease as NA content after one and four weeks-serial bathing, but it increased slightly after two weeks-serial bathing. Plasma FFA contents increased by serial bathing compared with those in controls. As to plasma glucose content, a slight decreasing tendency was observed after four weeks-serial bathing although no change was observed after one and two weeksserial bathing

Changes in plasma metabolites after the injection of noradrenalin -effect of hot spring serial bathing-

In attempt to clarify the effect of serial bathing on metabolic actions of noradrenaline (NA) by using rats which took a bath (for 10 minutes, 40℃ in temperature) in the hot spring in Misasa or a city water once daily for one and four weeks, changes in plasma metabolites after the injection of NA (20μg/100g, subcutaneously) were studied. No significant difference in the rising degree of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) or glucose levels by NA injection was observed in rats which took serial bathing for one week, while triglyceride levels of rats, which took a city water bath, rised significantly by NA in jection. After serial bathing for four weeks, however, remarkable difference in the rising degree of FFA levels by NA injection was observed between rats taking a city water bath and ones taking hot spring bath and between rats taking a bath and non-treated ones. The rising degree of glucose levels by NA injection was slightly supressed only in rats taking a city water bath compared with nontreated rats. Little difference in the rising degree of β-hydroxybutyrate levels by NA injection was observed in rats taking serial bathing for one or four weeks compared with non-treated rats

6種類の血中膵酵素値に及ぼす加齢および性の影響

The serum levels of some pancreatic enzymes have been reported to be affected by age and gender. Currently, serum total amylase, pancreatic isoamylase (P-amylase) , lipase , trypsin (ogen) , pancreatic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) , and elastase I are utilized in diagnosing pancreatic diseases. We here compared age and gender-related alterations of these six pancreatic enzymes in healthy subjects to delineate different properties among the enzymes. Subjects were 155 males and 172 females between ages 20 and 79 years who were apparently healthy, and were stratified by age and sex. PLA(2) and elastase I were assayed by RIA, trypsin (ogen) by EIA and others by activity. The pancreatic enzymes, except PLA(2), were significantly elevated with age, although they declined in males in the 260 age group. There were significant sex differences in total amylase and P-amylase. Total amylase was significantly higher in females than in males in the 260 age group, P-amylase in the 40-49 age group. Age should be considered in the valuation of serum enzymes except PLA(2), sex difference should be considered in the valuation of amylase (total and P-amylase).ある種の血中膵酵素値は加齢や性により影響を受けることが知られている。現在膵疾患の診断に利用されている6種類の膵酵素，アミラーゼ，P－アミラーゼ，リパーゼ，トリプシン，フォスフォリパーゼA(2)（PIA(2)），そしてエラスターゼⅠの血中値に及ぼす加齢および性の影響を比較検討した。健常者327名（男性：155名，女性：172名，年齢：20－79歳）を対象として，年齢および性により層別化して検討した。PLA(2)とエラスターゼⅠはRIA，トリプシンはEIA，そして他の酵素は活性を測定した。PLA(2)以外の血中月率酵素値は加齢とともに有意に上昇した。しかし男性では60代以降低下した。性差はアミラーゼとP－アミラーゼとに有意差が認められた。すなわち，アミラーゼは60代以降に，P－アミラーゼは40－49歳群でそれぞれ男性より女性において有意の高値を示した。PLA(2)以外の血中膵酵素値を評価する際には加齢による影響を考慮すべきであり，アミラーゼおよびP－アミラーゼの血中値を評価する際には性を考慮すべきである

Studies on sinter deposits of misasa radioactive hot springs (3RD report)

鳥取県三朝温泉岡大源泉の配湯管内の温泉沈殿物について既に報告されているが，今回採取した黒色の温泉沈殿物について発光分析法による定性分析を行ったところ，強放射性鉱物である北投石の主成分のBaが高濃度に検出されたので，岡大源泉（飲泉）水および沈殿物中の主要成分および放射能について調査した。温泉水のpHは6.97，Rn-222濃度は190.9Bq./kgで，Mn，Fe，Baの濃度は夫々0.011，0.018，0.021（mg/kg）であり，泉質は弱放射能-ナトリウム-塩化物泉に該当した。沈殿物中の主要成分はMn，Fe，Baで，その濃度は夫々363.5，148.0，69.6mg/gであり，このBa濃度は三朝温泉の温泉沈殿物中最高の濃度であった。しかしRa-226濃度は，既報程 度の3.30×10(-8)Ci/kgであった。The hot spring waters of Okadaisen and the sinter deposit in the distributing pipe which was used for about 20 years were investigated. The analysis of the spring waters and the sediment were mainly carried out by Spectraspan emission spectrophotometer. Radium-226 in the sinter deposit and radon-222 in the spring waters were measured by vibrating reed electrometer and liquid scintillation counter, respectively. As the results of the analysis, this spring waters were classified into weakly radioactive sodium-chloride waters. It also contained 3.73mg/kg of F and 190.9 Bq./kg of radon-222. The major components of this deposit were characterized with regard to high concentration of Mn (363.5mg/g), Fe (148.0mg/g), and Ba (69.6mg/g). Ra-226 concentration of the sinter deposits of Misasa hot springs in previous reports were 6.24×10(-12)～5.74×10(-8) (Ci/g), but its concentration in this report was 3.30×10(-8) Ci/g. It seems that a linear correlation is recognized between radium-226 and (Fe+Mn) concentrations in the sinter dedosits of Misasa hot springs

Effects of serial bathing on fatty acid composition of adrenal and serum cholesterol ester in rats

The effects of serial bathing (10 minutes bathing in a city water or hot spring in Misasa, 40℃, once daily for 1-4 weeks) on fatty acid composition of cholesterol ester of the adrenal glands and serum was studied in both normal and hypercholesteremic rats. Although the adrenal cholesterol ester levels were relatively unaffected in rats treated with serial bathing as well as non-treated rats, the proportion of 18 : 2 was increased in rats treated with hot spring bathing for 3-4 weeks. The serum cholesterol ester levels in both normal and hypercholesteremic rats tended to decrease after serial bathing for 3-4 weeks compared with non-treated rats. The fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol ester in normal rats was unaffected. The composition in hypercholesteremic rats showed an increase in the proportion of 16 : 1 and 18 : 1 and a decrease of 18 : 2 and 20: 4 compared with normal rats. When those of hypercholesteremic rats were treated with serial bathing for 3 weeks, particularly with hot spring bathing, the proportion of 16 : 1, 18: 2 and 20 : 4 showed a tendency to approach that in tormal rats. The findings indicate that serial hot spring bathing for 3-4 weeks, unlike city water bathing, exerts an influence on the fatty acid composition of cholesterol ester of the rat adrenal glands and it also improves the fatty acid compsition of serum cholesterolester of hypercholesteremic rats

Effect of serial bathing on circadian variation of plasma metabolites in rats

The effect of serial bathing (10-minute bathing in city water or Misasa hot spring, 40℃, once daily for one or four weeks) on the circadian variations of plasma metabolites was studied in three groups of rats : hot spring bathing rats, city water bathing rats and non-treated rats. Plasma obtained by decapitation at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00 and 24:00 hours was analysed for catecholamines (CA), free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol (C) and glucose. 1) Noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) were significantly lower at 24:00 hours with significantly lower 24-hour average concentrations and also with significantly different diurnal patterns in the 1-week hot spring bathing rats; in the 4-week hot spring bathing rats, lower 24-hour average concentrarion of A was the only significant finding. The results suggest the suppressive effect of hot spring bathing on the sympathetic system or pituitary gland-adrenal medulla; they also suggest the adaptation to hot spring bathing. 2) Free fatty acids were significantly higher in the 1-week hot spring bathing rats at 12:00 hours as compared with non-treated rats and city water bathing rats. The 4-week hot spring bathing rats showed concentration of FFA not different from the remaining two groups of rats. No significant difference was noted in diurnal patterns among the three groups of rats. The results suggest that the high FFA concentrations in the 1-week hot spring bathing rats are related to the physico-chemical constituents of the hot spring to some extent and that the rats adapt themselves to bathing during the 4-week preriod. 3) Cholesterol was significantly lower in the 4-week hot spring bathing rats as compared with non-treated rats and city water bathing rats; no different diurnal patterns were noted among the three groups of rats. The results suggest the suppressive effect of 4-week hot spring bathing on plasma cholesterol concentrations as reported previously by us. 4) No Significant difference was noted in concentrations as well as in diurnal patterns of plasma glucose among the three groups of rats. The results suggest that bathing has no significan effect on concentrations and diurnal patterns of plasma glucose in healthy rats

Alcohol-induced pancreatitis

膵炎のうちもっとも頻度が高いアルコール性膵炎（AIP）の疫学，臨床像および発生機序に関する従来の知見を総括した。AIPの大多数は慢性膵炎である。通常は長期にわたる多量の飲酒を背景に発症するが，遺伝的素因および食事因子も重要な役割を演じる。発症初期には血中膵酵素の上昇をともなう腹痛が病像を支配するが，進展すると膵外分泌不全による消化吸収障害と膵内分泌不全による糖尿病が病像を支配するようになる。アルコール性慢性膵炎は非アルコール性慢性膵炎にくらべて確診時にすでに進展した症例が多く，合併症が多く，進行が早く，予後が悪い。死亡の主たる原因は癌の併発と糖尿病の合併症で，膵炎の急性増悪発作がこれにつぐ。併発する癌のなかでは膵癌よりもむしろ上部気道および上部消化管の癌が多い。発生機序としてはDuctal－Plug説とToxic－Metabolic説が有力であるが，最近は細 胞内膵酵素活性化説とFree　Radical説も注目をあびている。This paper is to review the literature on the epidemiology, clinical pictures and etiopathogenesis of alcohol-induced pancreatitis (AIP). The incidence of AIP has been increasing worldwide, paralleling the increase in alcohol consumption. AIP manifests itself following a longterm consumption of large amounts of alcohol. There is no known threshold value of alcohol consumption in terms of the risk of developing AIP, although the logarithm of the risk of developing AIP is lineally correlated with the amount of alcohol intake. Why some alcoholics develop pancreatitis whereas others with equal consumption of ethanol are spared remains to be explained. Therefore, two additional factors are considered to play important roles in developing AIP : genetic predisposition and diet. The majority of AIP IS chronic pancreatitis (AICP), although a minority can be acute pancreatitis (AIAP). AIAP shows somewhat higher morbidity and mortality than the common variety of acute pancreatitis. If recovered from an attack, AIAP shows morphological and functional restoration. AICP manifests itself with an acute attack of abdominal pain, insidious onset of abdominal pam, or a pain-free variety. An acute attack in AICP resemble that m AIAP ; often these two can be differentiated only by follow-up studies. AICP shows no morphological and functional restoration, and often shows progressive deterioration. Abdominal pain with elevated serum pancreatic enzymes is a predominant clinical picture m the early stage of AICP, whereas in the late stage symptoms and signs deriving from exocrine insufficiency (maldigestion) and endocrine insufficiency (pancreatic diabetes) begin to dominate the clinical pictures. AICP is in the more advanced stage and shows more complications than nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis at the time of diagnosis. In addition, AICP shows more rapid progress and higher morbidity and mortality. The incidence of microangiopathy in pancreatic diabetes resemble that in primary diabetes, being higher in patients with a longer history of diabetes, those on insulin treatment and those under poorer control. Main causes of death are development of cancer in the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract and diabetic complications (hypoglycemic shock, renal failure, and intractable pneumonia), and acute attack of pancreatitis leads to death less frequently. Ductal-Plug theory and classical Toxic-Metabolic theory are most popular to explain the pathogenesis of AIP ; however, increasing evidence has been reported that oxygen free radicals and intracellular activation of zymogens by lysosomal enzymes may be involved in the pathogenesis

Clinical study on polypoid lesions of the colon

1986年4月から1990年2月末までの間に岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院で経験した早期大腸癌を含む大腸ポリープ90例（107病変）を対象に，年齢，臨床症状，便潜血反応，病変存在部位について検討を行い，以下の成績を得た。(1)大腸検査総数の22.4％にポリープが発見された。ポリープの77％は腺腫，5％は腺癌（早期癌）であった。(2)便潜血反応はポリープ例の75.9％に陽性であり，右側大腸ポリープでの陽性率は高かったが，S状結腸および直腸ポリープでは70％程度であった。(3)若年者では右側結腸にポリープが発見されることは稀であるが，50才以上では18％程度に認められた。高齢者では右側結腸も内視鏡で検査することが重要である。(4)免疫学的便潜血検査法の導入により大腸ポリープの発見効率が改善するものと考え られた。This report is concerned with clinical study on 90 patients with polypoid lesions (107 lesions) which we have encountered in Misasa Hospital, Okayama University in the past 4 years. Following results were obtained : (1) Polypoid lesions were detected in 90 (22.4%) and advanced adenocarcinoma (mostly resectable) in 22 (5.5%) of 402 patients who were examined by sigmoidoscopy and barium enema ; (2) Histological examination of the polypoid lesions showed adenoma in 77.2%, hyperplastic polyp in 8.7%, inflammatory polyp in 7.6%, neurinoma in 0.3% and early cancer (adenocarcinoma) in 5.4% ; (3) It was impossible to differentiate benign and malignant polypoid lesions on the basis of endoscopic and X-ray findings alone ; (4) Forty-two percent of the polypoid lesions was detected in the sigmoid colon, 30% in the rectum, 16.8% in the descending colon, 9.3% in the ascending colon, 0.9% in the caecum ; (4) Patients younger than 50 years of age showed only one polypoid lesion in the right hemicolon, whereas elder patients showed as many as 17 polypoid lesions ; (5) Among the 90 patients with polypoid lesions, 40 presented with abdominal pain, 20 with no symptoms (annual health check-up), 17 with irregular bowel habits, and 10 with melena ; (6) Among the 90 patients, occult blood in stool was positive in 75.8% with a lower positive rate in the lesions of the sigmoid and rectum ; (7) Among 5 asymptomatic patients with lesions and with a negative hemoccult test, 3 patients with a polypoid lesion were examined because of the patients' request, 1 patient with a polypoid lesion because of a positive family history, and the remaining 1 patient in a search for the primary lesion of the metastatic liver cancer ; (8) Among patients with a positive hemoccult test, the detection rate of polypoid lesions was 41.9% with use of an immunological method, whereas it was 19.7% with use of a chemical method. In conclusion, (1) detection of colonic polypoid lesions can lead to the detection of early cancer, although only histological examination can confirm the accurate diagnosis ; (2) a hemoccult test in stool with an immunological method is an effective method for screening asymptomatic colonic polypoid lesions, although it must be admitted that negative results may occasionally occur ; (3) macroscopic observation of the stool mass is important before sampling, because lesions of the sigmoid colon or the rectum may show scanty blood only on the limited area of the surface of the stool ; (4) patients elder than 50 years of age should be examined more carefully for the whole colon preferably with an endoscope, because they show a high incidence of small polypoid lesions in the right hemicolon

慢性膵炎患者の全消化管通過に関する研究

Abnormalities of whole gut transit could contribute to the maldigestion and　digestive symptoms of chronic pancreatitis patients. Whole gut transit was measured by radiopaque markers method. Fifteen chronic pancreatitis patients (2 females, 13 males; age range 40-78 years) and 17 controls (4 females, 13 males, 32-73 years) were studied. Additionally, we also looked for evidence of autonomic neuropathy in the chronic pancreatitis patients by using cardiovascular tests. In chronic pancreatitis, whole gut transit was shorter than controls. These abnormalities were not influenced by the degree of autonomic neuropathy. We conclude that whole gut transit is shorter in chronic pancreatitis patients.慢性膵炎の患者の自覚症状や消化不良には消化管の通過異常が関与している可能性がある｡慢性膵炎患者15例と対象群17例で全消化管通過を測定した｡さらに慢性膵炎患者は自律神経機能について評価した｡全消化管通過は慢性膵炎患者は対象群より早いことが示された｡しかしその機序として推定された自律神経機能異常の有無では全消化管通過に差は認められず,慢性膵炎の消化管機能異常の原因は自律神経異常ではないと推定された