The design and installation of an apparatus for dehydrating the air which is used in the blast furnaces of the Hanyang Iron and Steel Works and other suggested improvements, Hanyang, Hupei, China

The Hanyang Iron and Steel Works is located in the city of Hanyang, Hupei Province, inland on the mighty Yangste Kiang, a distance of one thousand seventy-five kilometers from Shanghai. The Works is at the junction of the Yangste and Han Rivers and covers several acres. The Works was established by the Viceroy Tchan and was to have been located at Shanghai, but His Excellency, the Viceroy, was transferred to Wuchang, so he decided to locate the Works in Hanyang - just on the opposite bank of the Yangste, from Wuchang ... The Works originally consisted of two blast furnaces and in 1893, two five-ton Bessemer converters were installed. The new engineers remodeled these two blast furnaces - increasing the capacity from sixty tons each to one hundred twenty tons each; they also put in one ten-ton Siemens Martins open-hearth furnace, put down a rail mill, a one-hundred-centimeter blooming mill, a ninety-centimeter reversing plate mill, and built a foundry --Location and History of Works, pages 1-2

The Effects of Remedial Mathematics on the Learning of Economics: A Natural Experiment.

This paper examines the effects of remedial mathematics on performance in university-level economics courses using a natural experiment. We study exam results prior and subsequent to the implementation of a remedial mathematics course that was compulsory for a sub-set of students and unavailable for the others, controlling for background variables. We find that, consistent with previous studies, the level of and performance in secondary-school mathematics has strong predictive power on students’ performance at university-level economics. However, the evidence for a positive effect of remedial mathematics on student performance is relatively weak and is limited to a few sub-groups of students

The impact of public transportation and commuting on urban labour markets: evidence from the New Survey of London Life and Labour, 1929-32

This paper examines the consequences of the commuter transport revolution on working class labour markets in 1930s London. The ability to commute alleviated urban crowding and increased workers’ choice of potential employers. Using GIS-based data constructed from the New Survey of London Life and Labour, we examine the extent of commuting and estimate the earnings returns to commuting. We obtain a lowerbound estimate of two percent increase in earnings per kilometre travelled. We also show that commuting was an important contributor to improving quality of life in the early-twentieth century

The impact of public transportation and commuting on urban labour markets: evidence from the new survey of London life and labour, 1929-32

This paper examines the consequences of the commuter transport revolution on working-class labour markets in London, circa 1930. Using GIS-based data constructed from the New Survey of London Life and Labour, we examine the extent of commuting and estimate the earnings returns to commuting. We show that commuting was an important feature for most working-class Londoners in the early-twentieth century. Using a variety of identifying procedures to address the endogeneity of distance commuted, we estimate a likely causal return of between 1.5 to 3.5 percent of earnings for each additional kilometre travelled. We also show that commuting was an important contributor to improvements in quality of life in the early-twentieth century

Co-authorship in economic history and economics: are we any different?

Over the last six decades there has been less co-authorship in leading economic history journals than in leading general economics journals. There has also been a strong, monotonic increase in co-authorship in economic history journals that roughly parallels general economics journals but sharply differs from leading history journals. Increased co-authorship cannot be explained by increasing use of econometrics or large data sets; rather, it is likely due to common changes in incentives facing economic historians and economists. Finally, co-authorships in economic history are more likely to be formed of individuals of different seniority compared to economics generally

Furnace and Heat Recovery Area Design and Analysis for Conceptual Design of Supercritical O2-Based PC Boiler

The objective of the furnace and heat recovery area design and analysis task of the Conceptual Design of Supercritical Oxygen-Based PC Boiler study is to optimize the location and design of the furnace, burners, over-fire gas ports, and internal radiant surfaces. The furnace and heat recovery area were designed and analyzed using the FW-FIRE, Siemens, and HEATEX computer programs. The furnace is designed with opposed wall-firing burners and over-fire air ports. Water is circulated in the furnace by forced circulation to the waterwalls at the periphery and divisional wall panels within the furnace. Compared to the air-fired furnace, the oxygen-fired furnace requires only 65% of the surface area and 45% of the volume. Two oxygen-fired designs were simulated: (1) with cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) and (2) with oxygen ion transport membrane (OITM). The maximum wall heat flux in the oxygen-fired furnace is more than double that of the air-fired furnace due to the higher flame temperature and higher H{sub 2}O and CO{sub 2} concentrations. The coal burnout for the oxygen-fired case is 100% due to a 500 F higher furnace temperature and higher concentration of O{sub 2}. Because of the higher furnace wall temperature of the oxygen-fired case compared to the air-fired case, furnace water wall material was upgraded from T2 to T92. Compared to the air-fired heat recovery area (HRA), the oxygen-fired HRA total heat transfer surface is 35% less for the cryogenic design and 13% less for the OITM design due to more heat being absorbed in the oxygen-fired furnace and the greater molecular weight of the oxygen-fired flue gas. The HRA tube materials and wall thickness are nearly the same for the air-fired and oxygen-fired design since the flue gas and water/steam temperature profiles encountered by the heat transfer banks are similar