National Ignition Facility main laser stray light analysis and control

Stray light analysis has been carried out for the main laser section of the National Ignition Facility main laser section using a comprehensive non-sequential ray trace model supplemented with additional ray trace and diffraction propagation modeling. This paper describes the analysis and control methodology, gives examples of ghost paths and required tilted lenses, baffles, absorbers, and beam dumps, and discusses analysis of stray light �pencil beams� in the system

Смачивание, растекание и испарение жидкостей на шероховатых и нагретых поверхностях

В последние двадцать лет важными для многих наукоемких технологий стали процессы растекания и испарения капель жидкости на твердых поверхностях. Повышенное внимание к этим процессам обусловлено интенсивным развитием энергонасыщенной электронной техники, электронно-вычислительной техники высокой производительности, авиационной и космической отраслей (решение проблемы обеспечения тепловых режимов летательных и космических аппаратов), автомобилестроения (разработка незагрязняющихся и водонепроницаемых поверхностей), микрофлюидики (разработка устройств с характерными геометрическими размерами не более десятка миллиметров для управления поверхностными эффектами при растекании жидкости микролитровых объемов) и технологий тушения лесных пожаров.In recent years, the spreading and evaporation processes of liquid droplets on solid surfaces have become important for many science-based technologies. Increased attention to the processes is because of the intensive development of energy-rich electronic technology, high-performance electronic computers, the aviation and space industries (solving the problem of ensuring the thermal regimes of aircraft and spacecraft), the automotive industry (developing non-contaminating and waterproof surfaces), microfluidics (developing devices with characteristic geometric dimensions of no more than ten millimeters to control surface effects when spreading liquid of microliter volumes) and technologies for extinguishing forest fires

Evidence for ribosomes involved in splicing of yeast mitochondrial transcripts.

We have investigated the processing of transcripts of the split gene COB in yeast mitochondrial DNA from cells whose mitochondrial translation was blocked by chloramphenicol for several generations of cell growth. First analysis of transcripts by electrophoresis and RNA/DNA-hybridization clearly showed that cell growth in the presence of CAP leads to an inhibition of processing yielding an increasing amount of splicing intermediates of the COB transcript and decreasing amounts of the 18S mRNA coding for apocytochrome b. This observation is in accordance with the now widely favoured idea that mitochondrial proteins are involved in splicing of COB transcripts and that their reduction should hamper processing and - therefore - lead to an accumulation of pre-mRNAs. However, further information obtained by pulse-labeling of pre-mRNA in vivo in the presence of CAP for various times shows that even 30 minutes after addition of CAP a reduction of the processing rate is obtained. Based on these findings we conclude that maturation of mtRNAs is not only dependent on mitochondrial proteins, but also on a more direct interaction of the translation machinery and RNA processing whose nature is so far unknown

Ghost reflection analysis for the main laser of the National Ignition Facility

Ghost reflections are a major consideration in the optical design of the National Ignition Facility (ME). The frost-order layout (e.g., spacing between components), the lens shape, and the dimensions of the building are strongly affected. In this paper we will describe the principal ghost reflections that drive the system configuration. Several specific examples will be shown to illustrate how dangerous ghost reflections are avoided and stray light concerns are managed