Hipertensão arterial em pacientes hiperandrogênicas : influência do diagnóstico etiológico, hiperinsulinemia e obesidade

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Association between prolonged corticosteroids use in COVID-19 and increased mortality in hospitalized patients : a retrospective study with inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of early use of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to compare hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received short-course corticosteroid treatment with those who received prolonged-course corticosteroid treatment to determine whether prolonged use of corticosteroids improves clinical outcomes, including mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including adult patients with positive testing for Sars-CoV-2 hospitalized for more than 10 days. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the duration of treatment with corticosteroids: a short-course (10 days) and a prolonged-course (longer than 10 days) group. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was used to evaluate whether prolonged use of corticosteroids improved outcomes. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital infection and the association of different doses of corticosteroids with hospital mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the nonlinear association between mortality and dose and duration of corticosteroids use. Results: We enrolled 1,539 patients with COVID-19. Among them, 1127 received corticosteroids for more than 10 days (prolonged-course group). The in-hospital mortality was higher in patients that received prolonged course corticosteroids (39.5% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). The IPTW revealed that prolonged use of corticosteroids significantly increased mortality [relative risk (RR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.24-1.89]. In comparison to short course treatment, the cubic spline analysis showed an inverted U-shaped curve for mortality, with the highest risk associated with the prolonged use at 30 days (RR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.21-1.78). Conclusions: Prolonged course of treatment with corticosteroids in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was associated with higher mortality

Prevalência de suínos portadores de Salmonella sp. ao abate e contaminação de embutidos tipo frescal

O abate de suínos portadores de  Salmonella sp. é considerado o primeiro ponto crítico para a contaminação do produto final. O risco representado por esses animais tende a aumentar quando a bactéria está presente em porções da carcaça que chegam até o consumidor. No presente estudo, buscou-se verificar a associação da prevalência de suínos portadores de Salmonella sp. ao abate e a contaminação da massa utilizada na fabricação de embutidos tipo frescal, produzida com matériaprima proveniente destes animais. Numa primeira etapa, foram realizadas três visitas a um frigorífico, onde foram coletados “pools” de linfonodos submandibulares/tonsilas (LT) e conteúdo intestinal (CI) de 16 animais em cada oportunidade. No dia subseqüente ao abate, foram coletadas 99 porções da massa, produzida com a carne dos animais abatidos, imediatamente antes do embutimento. Encontrou-se uma prevalência média de 83,33% dos suínos portadores de Salmonella sp. ao abate, enquanto que 93,94% das amostras de massa de embutimento foram positivas. Os sorovares mais freqüentemente isolados foram Panama, Bredeney e Typhimurium. Numa segunda etapa, quantificou-se a bactéria em amostras positivas para Salmonella sp. Duas amostras, escolhidas aleatoriamente na quarta coleta, apresentaram 93 NMP/g e 150 NMP/g de S. Bredeney. Por outro lado, na quinta coleta, as duas amostras escolhidas apresentara

Diferença entre machos suínos na manutenção da viabilidade espermática a 17ºC

Machos suínos apresentam variação no tempo de manutenção da motilidade (MOT), durante o resfriamento do sêmen. A identificação de doadores que possuam sêmen viável por período mais longo durante o armazenamento a 17ºC, permitiria seu uso estratégico em programas de inseminação. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se cachaços selecionados conforme o tempo de manutenção da motilidade espermática a 17ºC, apresentavam o mesmo perfil em coletas subseqüentes, além de avaliar o comportamento das variáveis acrossomas normais (NAR) e membranas íntegras (MI) durante o armazenamento. Cinco ejaculados de 30 machos foram analisados conforme a manutenção da MOT a 17ºC, sendo classificados em três tipos: MO

Disfunção endotelial em pacientes hiperandrogênicas : associação do óxido nítrico com variáveis antropométricas, metabólicas e hormonais

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Proposal of Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Apramycin 15 μg and Florfenicol 30 μg Disks Applicable to Staphylococcus aureus

Funding Information This study was supported by Project BIOSAFE funded by FEDER through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade–COMPETE and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)—Grant LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-030713, PTDC/CAL-EST/30713/2017 and by FCT through funds to GHTM (UID/04413/2020), CIISA Project (UID/CVT/00276/2020), and Project PTDC/CVT-CVT/28469/2017. The contributions of Andrea T. Feßler and Stefan Schwarz were financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under project numbers 01KI1727D and 01KI2009D as part of the Research Network Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. Part of this research was supported by Cost Action CA18217: European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT).Apramycin and florfenicol are two antimicrobial agents exclusively used in veterinary medicine. Resistance determinants to these antimicrobial agents have been described in several staphylococci, yet no inhibition zone-based epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values are available to detect populations harboring resistance mechanisms. In this study, we propose disk diffusion inhibition zone ECOFF values of Staphylococcus aureus for apramycin and florfenicol. The susceptibility to apramycin and florfenicol was evaluated by disk diffusion of five S. aureus collections, comprising 352 isolates of animal (n = 265) and human (n = 87) origin. The aggregated distributions of inhibition zone diameters were analyzed by the normalized resistance interpretation method to obtain normalized wild-type (WT) population distributions and corresponding ECOFF values. The putative WT populations of S. aureus were characterized by an inhibition zone ≥15 mm (ECOFF = 15 mm) for apramycin and ≥21 mm for florfenicol (ECOFF = 21 mm). Five nonwild-type (NWT) isolates were detected for apramycin, all without inhibition zone and harboring the apmA gene, whereas five NWT isolates were identified for florfenicol, all carrying the fexA gene. The proposed ECOFF values for apramycin and florfenicol may be a valuable tool in future antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance studies to identify S. aureus NWT populations toward these antimicrobial agents.publishersversionpublishe

Frequência de suínos soropositivos para Salmonella sp. em granjas afetadas em diferentes níveis de severidade pela Síndrome Multissistêmica de Definhamento do Leitão Desmamado

Background:   The Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) has caused considerable losses due to mortality and wasting of pigs and has been often associated with co-infections with other viral or bacterial agents. At the present time, PMWS is the most important infectious disease syndrome in the Brazilian swine production. With a variety of symptoms, this syndrome affects the immune system and can thus open the door for co-infections, which results in performance losses. Positive results of immunohistochemistry for PCV2 in pigs, we obtained the isolation of Salmonella enterica in 36.2% cases, demonstrate that co-infection occurs in Brazilian herds. However, there is still determining whether there is an increase in the number of carriers of Salmonella sp. in swine herds affected by PCV2. From this, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of animals positive for Salmonella sp. in pig herds with different levels of intensity of involvement by PMWS. Material, Methods and Results: Productive performance data and most prevalent symptoms were investigated in herds associated to 11 Brazilian swine companies that reported the occurrence of PMWS. The production systems, where the presence of S. enterica in pigs had been previously confirmed, was selected. A three-site management system was adopted, with each stage (breeding, nursery and finishing) housed in separate sites. Herds (n=188) were classified according to the mortality and wasting frequency, and these data were considered as PMSW severity degrees. Blood samples were taken from slaughter pigs of each herd and submitted to an indirect ELISA test against Salmonella sp. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square for linear trend to test the hypothesis of increased proportion of flocks positive for Salmonella with levels of involvement of PMWS, to increase the power of the sample, the variable Salmonella infection was collapsed into d” 70% and>70%. The analysis was performed using the software EpiInfo 6.0. Discussion: The presence of clinical signs consistent with PMWS in herds, coupled with the confirmation from the occurrence of PCV2 in farms associated with the company, was observed in all farms included in the study. The intensity of infection has been associated with increased culling and mortality in herds affected and, therefore, was adopted as a criterion level of involvement of clinical PMWS. In this study the factor was not considered a medical illness, but the level of seroprevalence of Salmonella sp., a rate that has been used as an indicator of prior exposure to this agent and that is a risk factor for the presence of carrier animals asymptomatic slaughter and the contamination of carcasses. Thus, the results indicate that farms that had involvement of more severe PMWS were classified in the prevalence of high-risk (> 70%) for the presence of carriers of Salmonella sp. slaughter. In all companies a decrease on the animal performance was detected and a tendency of a higher frequency of enteric symptoms associated to PMWS was observed. Seroprevalence >70% against Salmonella was associated to higher PMWS severity (P=0.003). This result may be related to the immune impairment caused by PMWS that may predispose to Salmonella infection, as well as to the occurrence of common risk factors to both infections in affected herds. In conclusion, a high frequency of Salmonella carrier pigs may be an additional problem in farms severely affected by PMWS

Elaboração de cookies com adição de farinha de casca de batata: análise físico-química e sensorial

No presente estudo teve-se como objetivo elaborar cookies com adição de farinha de casca de batata (FCB) e avaliar a sua aceitabilidade sensorial, bem como determinar a composição físico-química do produto padrão e do produto com maior teor de FCB, e se a aceitação é semelhante a do produto padrão. Foram elaboradas as seguintes formulações de cookies: F1 (padrão – 0%) e as demais adicionadas de 6% (F2), 8,5% (F3), 11% (F4) e 13,5% (F5) de FCB. Participaram da avaliação sensorial 62 provadores não treinados, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 18 e 55 anos. Verificou-se que para os atributos de aparência, textura, cor, aceitação global e intenção de compra houve uma redução das notas a partir da adição de 6% de FCB (F2) (p<0,05). Para o aroma e sabor, a aceitabilidade foi significativamente menor para as formulações F4 e F5. Menores teores de cinzas, proteínas e fibra alimentar e maiores de lipídios foram constatados em F1 quando comparada à F3. Conclui-se que um nível de adição de até 8,5% de FCB em cookies foi bem aceito pelos provadores, obtendo-se aceitação sensorial semelhante ao produto padrão e com boas expectativas de comercialização. Palavras-chave: Aceitabilidade. Aproveitamento. Fibras