Interdisciplinary care to enhance mental health and social and emotional wellbeing

This chapter discusses and defines the difference between multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary/interprofessional care with a focus on interdisciplinary care as a model of practice which supports equality and interconnectedness of responsibility amongst team members when working in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander contexts. The chapter describes the various professional and para professional practitioners that comprise interdisciplinary teams working in mental health and wellbeing contexts and their roles. The focus is on an interdisciplinary team approach to providing health and wellbeing care as its ethos of equal relationships and interdependent collaboration is more encompassing of social and emotional wellbeing values. Identification of the issues and limitations of interdisciplinary practice and the means to addressing them are explored within the context of how interdisciplinary care fits into mental health best practice and human rights

A new treatment for neonatal scours

Scours account for significant losses to the US swine industry every year. A common treatment for scours is the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, a practice with increasing unpopularity in the eyes of consumers. Currently, no treatment is available to reduce or eliminate the fluid losses associated with scours that is both inexpensive and easy to use. In the present study, a variety of prospective drugs were used to determine if a single compound might inhibit the effects of bacterial toxins in a laboratory setting. The results indicate that a new class of drugs, which we call DASUs, likely will prove useful for the treatment of watery diarrhea. Additional studies are underway to validate this conclusion.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 199

Survivin family proteins as novel molecular determinants of doxorubicin resistance in organotypic human breast tumors

Introduction: The molecular determinants of breast cancer resistance to first-line anthracycline-containing chemotherapy are unknown.Methods: We examined the response to doxorubicin of organotypic cultures of primary human breast tumors ex vivo with respect to cell proliferation, DNA damage and modulation of apoptosis. Samples were analyzed for genome-wide modulation of cell death pathways, differential activation of p53, and the role of survivin family molecules in drug resistance. Rational drug combination regimens were explored by high-throughput screening, and validated in model breast cancer cell types.Results: Doxorubicin treatment segregated organotypic human breast tumors into distinct Responder or Non Responder groups, characterized by differential proliferative index, stabilization of p53, and induction of apoptosis. Conversely, tumor histotype, hormone receptor or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status did not influence chemotherapy sensitivity. Global analysis of cell death pathways identified survivin and its alternatively spliced form, survivin-\u394Ex3 as uniquely overexpressed in Non Responder breast tumors. Forced expression of survivin-\u394Ex3 preserved cell viability and prevented doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell types. High-throughput pharmacologic targeting of survivin family proteins with a small-molecule survivin suppressant currently in the clinic (YM155) selectively potentiated the effect of doxorubicin, but not other chemotherapeutics in breast cancer cell types, and induced tumor cell apoptosis.Conclusions: Survivin family proteins are novel effectors of doxorubicin resistance in chemotherapy-naive breast cancer. The incorporation of survivin antagonist(s) in anthracycline-containing regimens may have improved clinical activity in these patients. \ua9 2014 Faversani et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Thermal Conductivity of Spin-1/2 Chains

We study the low-temperature transport properties of clean one-dimensional spin-1/2 chains coupled to phonons. Due to the presence of approximate conservation laws, the heat current decays very slowly giving rise to an exponentially large heat conductivity, $\kappa ~ e^{T^*/T}$. As a result of an interplay of Umklapp scattering and spinon-phonon coupling, the characteristic energy scale $T^*$ turns out to be of order $\Theta_D/2$, where $\Theta_D$ is the Debye energy, rather than the magnetic exchange interaction $J$ -- in agreement with recent measurements in SrCuO compounds. A large magnetic field strongly affects the heat transport by two distinct mechanisms. First, it induces a LINEAR spinon--phonon coupling, which alters the nature of the $T -> 0$ fixed point: the elementary excitations of the system are COMPOSITE SPINON-PHONON objects. Second, the change of the magnetization and the corresponding change of the wave vector of the spinons strongly affects the way in which various Umklapp processes can relax the heat current, leading to a characteristic fractal--like spiky behavior of $\kappa$ when plotted as a function of magnetization at fixed T.Comment: 16 pages, RevTex4, 2 figures included; revised refs. and some useful comments on experimental relevance. On July 12 2005, added an appendix correcting an error in the form of the phonon propagator. The main result is unchange

Onset of magnetism in B2 transition metals aluminides

Ab initio calculation results for the electronic structure of disordered bcc Fe(x)Al(1-x) (0.4<x<0.75), Co(x)Al(1-x) and Ni(x)Al(1-x) (x=0.4; 0.5; 0.6) alloys near the 1:1 stoichiometry, as well as of the ordered B2 (FeAl, CoAl, NiAl) phases with point defects are presented. The calculations were performed using the coherent potential approximation within the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method (KKR-CPA) for the disordered case and the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TB-LMTO) method for the intermetallic compounds. We studied in particular the onset of magnetism in Fe-Al and Co-Al systems as a function of the defect structure. We found the appearance of large local magnetic moments associated with the transition metal (TM) antisite defect in FeAl and CoAl compounds, in agreement with the experimental findings. Moreover, we found that any vacancies on both sublattices enhance the magnetic moments via reducing the charge transfer to a TM atom. Disordered Fe-Al alloys are ferromagnetically ordered for the whole range of composition studied, whereas Co-Al becomes magnetic only for Co concentration >0.5.Comment: 11 pages with 9 embedded postscript figures, to be published in Phys.Rev.

One-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a weak external magnetic field

The one dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a weak magnetic field h is studied using the bosonization method. We derive a set of renormalization group equations. The fixed point is reached when the field is scaled to the value at which the system is quarter-filled. As the magnetic field varies, a continuum line of fixed points is formed. We compute the uniform longitudinal susceptibility $\chi_z(h)$. The singular behavior of $\chi_z(h)$ as $h\to 0$ is found to be contained in $1/\ln(h_o/h)$ with $h_o$ a non-universal constant. The spin-spin correlations in the magnetic field are calculated.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, published on PR