3 research outputs found
Severe infections of Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus in children
Infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-SA) mostly present as recurrent skin abscesses and furunculosis. However, life-threatening infections (eg, necrotizing pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, and osteomyelitis) caused by PVL-SA have also been reported.We assessed the clinical phenotype, frequency, clinical implications (surgery, length of treatment in hospitals/intensive care units, and antibiotic treatments), and potential preventability of severe PVL-SA infections in children.Total, 75 children treated for PVL-SA infections in our in- and outpatient units from 2012 to 2017 were included in this retrospective study.Ten out of 75 children contracted severe infections (PVL-methicillin resistant S aureus nâ=â4) including necrotizing pneumonia (nâ=â4), necrotizing fasciitis (nâ=â2), pyomyositis (nâ=â2; including 1 patient who also had pneumonia), mastoiditis with cerebellitis (nâ=â1), preorbital cellulitis (nâ=â1), and recurrent deep furunculosis in an immunosuppressed patient (nâ=â1). Specific complications of PVL-SA infections were venous thrombosis (nâ=â2), sepsis (nâ=â5), respiratory failure (nâ=â5), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (nâ=â3). The median duration of hospital stay was 14 days (range 5-52 days). In 6 out of 10 patients a history suggestive for PVL-SA colonization in the patient or close family members before hospital admission was identified.PVL-SA causes severe to life-threatening infections requiring lengthy treatments in hospital in a substantial percentage of symptomatic PVL-SA colonized children. More than 50% of severe infections might be prevented by prompt testing for PVL-SA in individuals with a history of abscesses or furunculosis, followed by decolonization measures
10-year-analysis of the acute abdomen in very low birth weight infants considering risk factors and outcome
Das akute Abdomen stellt in jedem Lebensalter eine potentiell
lebensgefÀhrdende Erkrankung dar. Es ist auch bei vlbw infants ein
gefĂŒrchtetes, mit hoher MorbiditĂ€t und MortalitĂ€t einhergehendes
Krankheitsbild. Die bei vlbw infants hÀufigsten Ursachen sind, unter
Ausschluss angeborener Fehlbildungen, NEC, FIP, meconium disease und Volvulus.
Andere Ursachen stellen RaritÀten dar. In der vorliegenden single-center
Studie wurden sÀmtliche im Zeitraum vom 1.1.1995 bis zum 31.12.2004 in der
Charité ohne intestinale Fehlbildungen geborene vlbw infants untersucht, die
wÀhrend ihres ersten Klinikaufenthaltes ein akutes Abdomen entwickelten. Ein
Augenmerk lag auf der Frage, inwieweit sich die an den verschiedenen
Krankheitsbildern leidenden Kinder perinatal und prÀoperativ unterschieden.
Ferner sollte die Frage untersucht werden, welche perinatalen, prÀ- und
postoperativen Faktoren Hinweise auf das unmittelbare postoperative outcome
der Patienten geben. Bei Betrachtung der Daten zu den einzelnen Erkrankungen
fallen als wesentliche Ergebnisse auf, dass die NEC mit im Median 20
Lebenstagen ein signifikant höheres Erkrankungsalter aufweist, als die anderen
Erkrankungen. Ferner scheinen die prÀoperativen laborchemischen
EntzĂŒndungsparameter einen wichtigen Hinweis auf die zugrunde liegende
Erkrankung zu geben: Bei der NEC ist das CRP prÀoperativ nur moderat erhöht,
wĂ€hrend das Il-6 massiv angestiegen ist, was fĂŒr einen hochakuten Prozess
spricht. Im Gegensatz dazu ist das prÀoperative CRP bei der FIP stÀrker und
das Il-6 geringer erhöht. Bei der meconium disease und bei einem Volvulus
liegt das CRP erwartungsgemÀà im Normbereich, da es sich bei beiden
Erkrankungen um nichtentzĂŒndliche Genesen handelt. ZusĂ€tzlich ist bei der NEC
prÀoperativ der Blutlaktatwert hÀufig massiv erhöht. Bei spÀrlicher Datenlage
wurde hier aber auf die Berechnung der Signifikanz verzichtet. Bei der
Untersuchung der Kinder scheinen fĂŒr ein positives outcome, sprich keine
weitere Laparotomie oder lediglich ein geplanter Zweit-Eingriff (in der Regel
zum Stomaverschluss) zu sprechen: 5-Minuten APGAR >5, Erkrankungsbeginn am
ersten Lebenstag oder nach der zweiten Lebenswoche, sowie mĂ€Ăige Il-6-Erhöhung
von <400ng/dl. Hinweise fĂŒr ein negatives outcome im Sinne von einer oder
mehreren Relaparotomien bzw. letalem Ausgang scheinen ein Gestationsalter von
<25 SSW zu sein. AuĂerdem sind KörpertemperaturinstabilitĂ€t mit Temperaturen
von unter 36,4°C oder ĂŒber 40,0°C als PrĂ€diktoren fĂŒr ein negatives outcome
anzusehen. Kinder mit aus kinderchirurgischer Sicht postoperativ kompliziertem
Verlauf hatten prÀoperativ signifikant hÀufiger eine Azidose mit einem pH von
im Mittel 7,252 sowie ein erhöhtes Blut-Laktat. Bei den postoperativ erhobenen
Daten dient ein auftretendes kapillary-leak-syndrome als signifikanter
Indikator fĂŒr einen letalen Ausgang. 70,6% der verstorbenen Kinder erlitten
postoperativ diese Komplikation. Wichtig ist die PrÀvention des akuten
Abdomen, da es trotz extremer medizinischer Fortschritte immer noch mit hohen
Komplikationen verbunden ist. Einzig zur PrÀvention der NEC, welche sich am
ehesten durch ein Zusammenspiel von MotilitÀtsstörung, bakterielle Inbalance
im Darmlumen und intestinaler IschÀmie im unreifen Darm entwickelt gibt es
veröffentlichte Studien. Diese zeigen eine protektive Wirkung von optimaler
Oxygenisierung, MuttermilchfĂŒtterung, Arginin-Supplementation, ZufĂŒtterung von
Probiotika sowie die simultane enterale Gabe von IgG und IgA.At every age the acute abdomen is a potential deathly disease. It is dreaded
and associated with a high morbidity and mortality among vlbw imfants too.
Except congenital malformations, the most common causes for acute abdomen in
vlbw infants are NEC, FIP, meconium disease and volvulus. Other causes are
rare. In this single center study we analysed all vlbw infants, born between
1.1.1995 and 31.12.2004 in the Charité- UniversitÀtsmedizin Berlin, developing
an acute abdomen in their first hospitalisation. Newborns with congenital
intestinal malformations were excluded. Especially we payed attention in
perinatal and perioperative differences among the chidren suffering the
various diseases. Moreover we sceened perinatal, pre- or postoperative factors
which could hint to the direct postoperativ outcome. We noticed that NEC
occurred significant later than the other diseases (median 2oth day of life).
Besides the preoperative inflammtory laboratory parameters leads to the
underlying disease: With NEC the preoperative CRP is moderately elevated,
while Il-6 is massively increased. This is an indication for a high acuity of
NEC. With FIP it is the opposite - the preoperative CRP is more and the Il-6
less increased. As expected with meconium disease and volvulus the CRP is in
normal range, because it is a matter of non-inflammatory origin. With NEC the
preoperative blood-lactate is often heavily elevated. Few data were available,
so we had to refrain from the calculation of significance. During the survey
for a postoperative positive outcome, that means no further laparotomy or just
a projected re-intervention (normally for stoma closure), we found the
following beneficial prognostic facts: 5-minute APGAR >5, beginning of the
illness on the first day of life or after the second week of like and moderate
elevation of Il-6 <400ng/dl. Indications for a negative outcome in terms of
one or more relaparotomies or lethal consequence seems to be age of gestation
<25 weeks of pregnancy and instability of body temperature with a temperature
40.0°C. Infants with a complicated growth had significantly more
frequent an acidosis with a blood-pH, in the mean of 7.252. Among the
postoperative data the development of a capillary leak syndrome is a
significant predictor for a lethal outcome. 70.6% of the deceased children had
this postoperative complication. The prevention of the acute abdomen is
important, because despite the medical progress it is still associated with a
high rate of complication. In literature only studies for the prevention of
NEC can be found. Presumably NEC develops in an interaction of a dysfunction
of intestinal motility, bacterial imbalance in gut lumen and intestinal
ischemia. The studies show a protective effect of optimal oxygenation, feeding
of breast milk, supplementation of arginin, feeding of probiotics and
simultaneous enteral donation of IgG and IgA
Surgical Practice in Girls with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: An International Registry Study.
In this article international trends in surgical practice in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are evaluated. All cases that had been classified in the I-CAH/I-DSD registry as 46,XX CAH and who were born prior to 2017 were identified. Centers were approached to obtain information on surgical decision making. Of the 330 included participants, 208 (63.0%) presented within the first month of life, and 326 (98.8%) cases were assigned female. Genital surgery had been performed in 250 (75.8%). A total of 64.3, 89.2, and 96.8% of cases residing in Europe, South America and Asia, respectively, had at least one surgery. In a logistic regression model for the probability of surgery before the second birthday (early surgery) over time an increase of probability for early vaginal surgery could be identified, but not for clitoral surgery or both surgeries combined. Genitoplasty in girls with CAH remains controversial. This large international study provides a snapshot of current practice and reveals geographical and temporal differences. Fewer surgeries were reported for Europe, and there seems to be a significant trend towards aiming for vaginal surgery within the first 2 years of life