Governance of Flooding Risks in the Region and the City of Hanover

The article deals with flood protection and flood prevention as a contribution to a more resilient city region in general and in Hanover. Flood protection of Hanover’s city centre has been dealt with since the 15th century. Today, floods are prevented by land-use and sectoral planning of the city region and the municipality. The regional plan has designed binding priority and reserve zones for flood prevention on the basis of flooding areas identified by the water management administration. Urban planning has set up an informal local action programme, but a basic update of formal plans, especially the preparatory land-use plan, is missing

Prognose

Prognosen in der Planung basieren auf möglichst rationalen, begründeten Erwartungen und weniger auf wissenschaftlichen Gesetzmäßigkeiten oder Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnungen. Sie dienen der Politikberatung und sollen Maßnahmen begründen, sodass ihr Nichteintreffen häufig als Erfolg zu werten ist. Das Methodenspektrum reicht von umfangreichen Modellrechnungen bis zu eher schlichten Analogieschlüssen

Bewertungs- und Entscheidungsmethoden

Zu unterscheiden sind Bewertungsmethoden (Informationsebene), die vorbereitend Sachverhalte in Wert setzen, von Entscheidungsmethoden (Prozessebene). Bewertung benötigt Sachmodell, Zielsystem, Zuordnungs- und Aggregationsregeln. Gängige Methoden werden nach den formalen Anforderungen vergleichend beurteilt. Die Methodenwahl hängt vom Bewertungsanliegen und von der Komplexität des Einzelfalls ab

The sustainable and participatory city: A challenging concept!

Sustainability and participation have become two priorities of urban policies. They are usually considered perfectly synergistic, but they are not. This chapter aims to disentangle the imbroglio of sustainability coupled with participatory processes in the theory and practice of urban planning and development. To do so, it reflects upon empirical observations in the field of public policies in France and Germany as well as on some cases on both sides of the Rhine. Finally, this chapter describes and analyses policies and governance instruments intended to involve citizens in sustainable decision-making in urban areas of France and Germany

Die nachhaltige und partizipative Stadt: ein herausforderndes Konzept!

Nachhaltigkeit und Partizipation sind zu zwei Prioritäten der Stadtpolitik geworden. Häufig werden sie als perfekte Synergie betrachtet, aber das ist nicht der Fall. Dieses Kapitel zielt darauf ab, die Verflechtungen von Nachhaltigkeit und partizipativen Prozessen in Theorie und Praxis der Stadtplanung und -entwicklung zu entflechten. Zu diesem Zweck wird auf empirische Beobachtungen der staatlichen Politik in Frankreich und Deutschland sowie auf einige Beispiele auf beiden Seiten des Rheins zurückgegriffen. Schließlich werden in diesem Kapitel Politiken und Governance-Instrumente beschrieben und analysiert, die darauf abzielen, die Bürgerinnen und Bürger in nachhaltige Entscheidungsprozesse in städtischen Gebieten in Frankreich und Deutschland einzubeziehen.Sustainability and participation have become two priorities of urban policies. They are usually considered perfectly synergistic, but they are not. This chapter aims to disentangle the imbroglio of sustainability coupled with participatory processes in the theory and practice of urban planning and development. To do so, it reflects upon empirical observations in the field of public policies in France and Germany as well as on some cases on both sides of the Rhine. Finally, this chapter describes and analyses policies and governance instruments intended to involve citizens in sustainable decision-making in urban areas of France and Germany

Ville durable et participative: un concept stimulant!

Sustainability and participation have become two priorities of urban policies. They are usually considered perfectly synergistic, but they are not. This chapter aims to disentangle the imbroglio of sustainability coupled with participatory processes in the theory and practice of urban planning and development. To do so, it reflects upon empirical observations in the field of public policies in France and Germany as well as on some cases on both sides of the Rhine. Finally, this chapter describes and analyses policies and governance instruments intended to involve citizens in sustainable decision-making in urban areas of France and Germany

A European intensive seminar to learn both spatial quality and the cooperation process

Town planning is closely linked with the national geographic and institutional context. Europeanization and globalisation are influencing planning but also planning education. The paper discusses how six universities from six different countries go into partnership to take into account this trend and elaborate a common pedagogic module through an intensive programme. The intensive programme achieves these objectives of the Europeanization of planning but also some specific ones which each university would not be able to achieve separately. The process of the intensive program itself pushes students to increase the quality of their proposals. It obliges students to work on unprecedented cases and to collaborat

Ville durable et participative: Un concept stimulant!

Durabilité et participation sont devenues deux injonctions des politiques urbaines. Elles sont généralement considérées comme parfaitement synergiques, mais ne le sont pas. Ce chapitre vise à démêler l'imbroglio du couplage de la durabilité avec les processus participatifs dans la théorie et la pratique de l'aménagement et du développement urbain. Pour ce faire, il se fonde sur des observations empiriques dans le domaine des politiques publiques en France et en Allemagne ainsi que sur des cas des deux côtés du Rhin. Enfin, ce chapitre décrit et analyse les politiques et les instruments de gouvernance destinés à impliquer les citoyens dans la prise de décision en matière de développement durable dans les zones urbaines françaises et allemandes.Sustainability and participation have become two priorities of urban policies. They are usually considered perfectly synergistic, but they are not. This chapter aims to disentangle the imbroglio of sustainability coupled with participatory processes in the theory and practice of urban planning and development. To do so, it reflects upon empirical observations in the field of public policies in France and Germany as well as on some cases on both sides of the Rhine. Finally, this chapter describes and analyses policies and governance instruments intended to involve citizens in sustainable decision-making in urban areas of France and Germany

Quality of federal level strategic environmental assessment – A case study analysis for transport, transmission grid and maritime spatial planning in Germany

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) emerged from Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and was developed based on the procedural steps and understanding thereof, but with the goal to fulfil a more ‘strategic’ function. Federal level plans and programmes constitute the highest planning levels in Germany subject to SEA, as SEA for policies is not compulsory. In this article, we analyse the quality and procedural effectiveness of federal level SEA in Germany with the underlying hypothesis that federal level SEA might be more strategic than SEA at other planning levels, as it represents the highest tier. Therefore, we analysed three federal level SEA case studies in Germany according to a set of criteria and indicators based on international research outcomes, including SEA integration into decision-making, tiering, scoping, selection and assessment of alternatives, cumulative effects assessment, public participation, and monitoring. Results demonstrate that the procedural effectiveness of SEA practice at the federal level is limited in Germany, and the making of SEAs proved not to be as ‘strategic’ as its important role prior to subsequent planning processes and outcomes would suggest. Reasons include an alternatives assessment restricted to macro-siting instead of assessing scenarios of demand or system alternatives, tiering limited to general advice without specific guidance for subsequent planning levels, cumulative effects assessment limited to intra-plan effects, a lack of monitoring, and public participation limited to consultation on the environmental report. These findings support results from a variety of international studies. Reasons for limitations have been identified in current SEA regulations, prior policy-making, institutional settings, the institutions’ willingness to learn and limited quality management by the German Federal Environmental Agency. Thus, our recommendations aim to improve quality management and learning by initiating a federal level SEA forum to discuss federal level planning and SEA practice and related issues, expanding the federal EIA portal to SEAs, quality management by the German Federal Environmental Agency in every federal level SEA scoping process and for every federal level environmental report, and further research and development to improve SEA practice. However, the general question for SEA research might be whether SEA contributes to long-term institutional learning processes beyond individual SEA processes, and how those learning processes can be supported, for instance by quality management and capacity building