Preparations of rare earth-iron alloys by thermite reduction

An improved method for the preparation of high-purity rare earth-iron alloys by the aluminothermic reduction of a mixture of rare earth and iron fluorides

A study of the high-temperature air oxidation of yttrium metal

A survey was made of the high-temperature oxidation of yttrium metal and its effect on hardness. Corrosion of the metal was very slow at 450°C, but increased rapidly with temperature, becoming very severe at 925°C. Oxidation was found to increase the hardness of yttrium metal due to the diffusion of oxygen into the metal lattice

Method for treating rare earth-transition metal scrap

Rare earth-transition metal (e.g., iron) scrap (e.g., Nd-Fe-B scrap) is flux (slag) remelted to reduce tramp non-metallic impurities, such as oxygen and nitrogen, and metallic impurities, such as Li, Na, Al, etc., picked up by the scrap from previous fabrication operations. The tramp impurities are reduced to concentrations acceptable for reuse of the treated alloy in the manufacture of end-use articles, such as permanent magnets. The scrap is electroslag or inductoslag melted using a prefused, rare earth fluoride-bearing flux of CaF.sub.2, CaCl.sub.2 or mixtures thereof or the slag resulting from practice of the thermite reduction process to make a rare earth-iron alloy

Continuous method for manufacturing grain-oriented magnetostrictive bodies

The invention comprises a continuous casting and crystallization method formanufacturing grain-oriented magnetostrictive bodies. A magnetostrictive alloy is melted in a crucible having a bottom outlet. The melt is discharged through the bottom of the crucible and deposited in an elongated mold. Heat is removed from the deposited melt through the lower end portion of the mold to progressively solidify the melt. The solid-liquid interface of the melt moves directionally upwardly from the bottom to the top of the mold, to produce the axial grain orientation

Training tomorrow\u27s specialists in wildlife damage management

In 1990, Utah State University (USU) established a U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC)-funded center dedicated to research, education, and extension in wildlife damage management. USU\u27 s Program in Wildlife Damage Management is designed to increase appreciation for wildlife damage management among wildlife professionals, provide superior training for future practitioners of wildlife damage management through education and innovative research, and create better public understanding of the role of wildlife damage management in today\u27s society

Cytidine-5-diphosphocholine reduces microvascular permeability during experimental endotoxemia

Background: Microvascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion are pivotal mechanisms in sepsis pathophysiology contributing to the development of shock and mortality. No effective pharmacological therapy is currently available to restore microvascular barrier function in sepsis. Cholinergic mediators have been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects during inflammation. Cytidine-5-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is an extensively studied cholinergic drug due to its brain protective characteristics in cerebrovascular diseases. This study evaluated the effect of CDP-choline on microvascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion during endotoxemia. Methods: Macromolecular leakage, leukocyte adhesion, and venular wall shear rate were examined in mesenteric postcapillary venules of rats by using intravital microscopy (IVM). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (4 mg/kg/h) or equivalent volumes of saline were continuously infused following baseline IVM at 0 min. IVM was repeated after 60 and 120 min in endotoxemic and nonendotoxemic animals. CDP-choline (100 mg/kg) was applied as an i.v. bolus. Animals received either saline alone, CDP-choline alone, CDP-choline 10 min before or 30 min after LPS administration, or LPS alone. Due to nonparametric data distribution, Wilcoxon test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test were used for data analysis. Data were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: Treatment with LPS alone significantly increased microvascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion and decreased venular wall shear rate. CDP-choline significantly reduced microvascular permeability in animals treated with LPS. Leukocyte adhesion and venular wall shear rate were not affected by CDP-choline during endotoxemia. Conclusion: CDP-choline has a protective effect on microvascular barrier function during endotoxemia. Considering the excellent pharmacologic safety profile of CDP-choline, its use could be an approach for the treatment of capillary leakage in sepsis

First Powering of the LHC Test String 2

String 2 is a full-size model of a regular cell in an LHC arc. In the first phase, three dipole magnets and two quadrupole magnets have been assembled in String 2 and commissioning started in April 2001. By the beginning of 2002 three pre-series dipole magnets will be added to complete the cell. As for its predecessor String 1, the facility was built to individually validate the LHC systems and to investigate their collective behaviour for normal operation with the magnets at a temperature of 1.9 K, during transients as well as during exceptional conditions. String 2 is a precious milestone before installation and commissioning of the first LHC sector (1/8 of the machine) in 2004, with respect to infrastructure, installation, tooling and assembly procedures, testing and commissioning of individual systems, as well as the global commissioning of the technical systems. This paper describes the commissioning, and retraces the first powering history

First Results and Status of the LHC Test String 2

After the commissioning of String 2 Phase1 and the powering of the main circuits in autumn 2001, a short yet vigorous experimental program was carried-out to validate the final design choices for the technical systems of LHC. This program included the investigation of thermo-hydraulics of quenches quench propagation, power converter controls and tracking between power converters, as well as the measurement of currents induced in the beam screen after a quench and crossing the interconnects. Parameters significant for the LHC, such as heat loads, were also measured. During the winter shutdown the String was completed to a full cell with the addition of three pre-series dipoles (Phase 2). After a short description of the layout of Phase 1 and Phase 2, the results of the experiments are presented and the future experimental program is outlined