233 research outputs found

    Understanding the Drivers of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Practices in Pakistan’s Leather Industry: A Multi-Level Approach

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    Purpose: The main objective is to analyse the drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial practices in SMEs operating in a developing economy. The secondary objectives are to explore the relationship between these drivers and to draw out the implications for policy and practice. Design/methodology/approach: The research is informed by the literature on sustainable entrepreneurship, and on the drivers of pro-environmental practices in SMEs. It reports on the results of an intensive multi-level empirical study, which investigates the environmental practices of SMEs in Pakistan’s leatherworking industry using a multiple case study design and grounded analysis, which draws on relevant institutional theory. Findings: The study identifies that coercive, normative and mimetic isomorphic pressures simultaneously drive sustainable entrepreneurial activity in the majority of sample SMEs. These pressures are exerted by specific micro, meso and macro level factors, ranging from international customers’ requirements to individual-level values of owners and managers. It also reveals the catalytic effect of the educational and awareness-raising activities of intermediary organisations, in tandem with the attraction of competitiveness gains, (international) environmental regulations, industrial dynamism and reputational factors. Practical implications: The evidence suggests that, in countries where formal institutional mechanisms have less of an impact, intermediary organisations can perform a proto-institutional role that helps to overcome pre-existing barriers to environmental improvement by sparking sustainable entrepreneurial activity in SME populations. Originality/value: The findings imply that the drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial activity do not operate in a ‘piecemeal’ fashion, but that particular factors mediate the emergence and development of other sustainability drivers. This paper provides new insights into sustainable entrepreneurship and motivations for environmental practices in an under-researched developing economy context

    Policy framework to overcome barriers to environmental improvement in Pakistan’s leatherworking SMEs

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    Environmental degradation is one of the major challenges of this ear. Alongside other actors, SMEs are taking various measures to address this issue. However, their environmental engagement varies across countries and industry sectors. Nevertheless, the majority of SMEs find it hard to take environmental protection measures proactively. Often it is attributed to their internal capacity constraints and lack of support from actors operating in their business environment. This research is about the leatherworking industry of Pakistan, an under-research economy context, where SMEs face a number of internal and external environmental barriers which limit their effective environmental engagement. Internal environmental barriers relate to limited financial resources, labour related issues and shortage of physical area. External environmental barriers range from policy related challenges to poor infrastructural facilities, societal barriers and inconsistent support from cleaner production centres. To deal with such environmental barriers some pragmatic policy measures are offered which if operationalised effectively are hoped to provide the much needed support to leatherworking SMEs for proactive engagement with environmentally responsible business practices. These policy measures relate to addressing the institutional voids in the country, improving infrastructural facilities, raising environmental awareness amongst masses, institutionalising cleaner production practices, providing platform to SMEs for getting environment-specific loaning facilities and improving the governance of tannery clusters. The paper makes an empirical contribution by uncovering the environmental barriers in an under-researched developing economy context, Pakistan. Its practical contributions are twofold. First, it offers insights to SME owner-managers for developing better strategies to address the identified barriers. Second, its findings can be useful for those formal and informal actors (local as well as international) engaged in formulating interventions focused at supporting SMEs to become environmentally responsible

    Individual Values and SME Environmental Engagement

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    We study the values on which managers of small and medium-sized enterprises draw when constructing their personal and organizational-level engagement with environmental issues, particularly climate change. Values play an important mediating role in business environmental engagement but relatively little research has been conducted on individual values in smaller organizations. Using the Schwartz Value System (SVS) as a framework for a qualitative analysis, we identify four ‘ideal-types’ of SME managers and provide rich descriptions of the ways in which values shape their constructions of environmental engagement. In contrast to previous research, which is framed around a binary divide between self-enhancing and self-transcending values, our typology distinguishes between individuals drawing primarily on Power or on Achievement values, and indicates how a combination of Achievement and Benevolence values is particularly significant in shaping environmental engagement. This demonstrates the theoretical usefulness of focusing on a complete range of values. Implications for policy and practice are discussed
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