Influence of Different Proportions of External Irrigation During the Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation on Wear and Roughness of Root Surface

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of external irrigation during irradiation with an erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser on the roughness and wear of dental tissue during scaling procedures.Methods: Twenty-Five uniradicular bovine teeth had the proximal surfaces planed and divided into 3 regions: upper, middle and lower. The upper region was treated with hand instruments, the middle region was not treated and served as a control, and the lower region was treated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups according to the different proportions of external irrigation used during the laser irradiation: G1: 10%; G2: 20%; G3: 30%; G4: 40% and G5: 50%. The samples were analyzed for roughness and wear on the root surface irradiated with the laser.Results: There were no differences in the surface roughness and wear parameters between the groups irradiated with the laser, but the laser irradiation produced a rougher surface of the dentin than treatment with hand scaling.Conclusion: Changes in the external irrigation level did not influence the wear and roughness of root surfaces treated with an Er,Cr:YSGG lase

Utilização sistêmica de estrôncio não radioativo como potencializador da osseointegração de implantes: avaliação biomeânica, microtomográfica e histomorfométrica em ratos

Drugs containing bisphosphonates have been widely used to treat diseases such as osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disease and cancer with bone metastases. However, can not be used routinely in dental practice in favor of greater bone repair and osseointegration due to its specific mechanisms and are constantly related issues such as high permanence of the drug in the body and risk of bone necrosis. Drugs based on strontium emerge as new forms of treatment for osteoporotic patients as well as a possible indication for adjuvant use in surgical procedures, promoting new bone formation. Given the advantages offered by drugs containing strontium as strontium ranelate and strontium chloride/strontium carbonate , this study aimed to evaluate the osseointegration of implants in rat tibia. Were used 70 rats Rattus Norvegicus, males, randomly divided into 5 groups: S (control-serum physiologic); RE50 (Strontium Ranelate 50 mg); RE 625 (Strontium Ranelate 625 mg); ClE/CaE 30 (Strontium Carbonate and Strontium Chloride 30 mg); ClE/CaE 365 (Strontium Carbonate and Chloride Strontium 365 mg). The drugs were administered daily by gavage according to each group, starting 15 days before surgery (1 implant in each tibia) and persisted until the end of the experiment 15 or 60 days. Biomechanical tests were performed with the right implants through shift against removal, and implants in the left side microtomography and histomorphometric analysis were performed. The results showed an improvement in osseointegration, especially in groups strontium ranelate 625mg and strontium cloride/strontium carbonate 365mg in microtomography and biomechanical testing. The drug strontium base had a positive influence on osseointegration of implants, especially strontium chloride/strontium carbonate, can be incorporated into prevention, treatments of pathologies and surgical procedures as adjunct to implant placement.Medicamentos a base de bisfosfonatos têm sido amplamente empregados para tratar enfermidades como osteoporose, mieloma múltiplo, doenças reumáticas e neoplasias com metástases ósseas. No entanto, não podem ser usados rotineiramente na clínica odontológica em favor da maior reparação óssea e osseointegração devido a seus mecanismos específicos e por estarem constantemente relacionados a problemas como alta permanência da droga no organismo e risco de necroses ósseas. Medicamentos a base de estrôncio surgem como novas formas de tratamento para pacientes osteoporóticos bem como uma possível indicação para o uso coadjuvante em procedimentos cirúrgicos, favorecendo a nova formação óssea. Diante das vantagens oferecidas pelos medicamentos a base de estrôncio, como ranelato de estrôncio e cloreto de estrôncio/carbonato de estrôncio, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a osseointegração de implantes em tíbias de ratos. Foram utilizados 70 ratos Rattus Norvegicus, machos, divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos: S-Controle (soro); RE 50 (Ranelato de Estrôncio 50 mg); RE 625 (Ranelato de Estrôncio 625 mg); ClECaE 30 (Cloreto Estrôncio e Carbonato Estrôncio 30 mg); ClECaE 365 (Cloreto Estrôncio e Carbonato de Estrôncio 365 mg). Os medicamentos foram administrados diariamente, via gavagem, de acordo com cada grupo, iniciando 15 dias antes do procedimento cirúrgico (1 implante em cada tíbia), persistindo até o final do experimento 15 ou 60 dias. Testes biomecânicos foram realizados com os implantes do lado direito através do contra-troque de remoção, e os implantes no lado esquerdo foram realizadas microtomografias e análises histomorfométricas. Os resultados mostraram uma melhora na osseointegração, principalmente nos grupos ranelato estrôncio 62mg e cloreto estrôncio/carbonato estrôncio 365mg nos testes biomecânicos e microtomográficos. O medicamento a base de estrôncio teve uma influência positiva..

Cirurgia estética para remoção de hiperplasia gengiva: granuloma piogênico

The pyogenic granuloma, a lesion considered hyperplastic regenerative inflammatory reaction is a finding commonly found in the oral cavity, affecting large numbers of individuals, being more prevalent in females. But its pathogenesis is not well defined and may be associated with numerous factors that stimulate tissue proliferation. Correct diagnosis and treatment plan are essential for success in approach, restoring function and aesthetics to the periodontal tissues. In agreement with the literature, the most common treatment and greater predictability is surgical removal, which involves resection of the lesion, together with its base inserted into the underlying tissue, periosteum and bone tissue. However, the excision can promote aesthetic defects, particularly in anterior regions where it is most affected. This article reports on the importance of a correct surgical approach for removal of pyogenic granuloma in the region of the interdental papilla between teeth 42 and 43, resulting in a good anatomical result and aesthetic.O granuloma piogênico, considerado como uma lesão hiperplásica reacional inflamatória regenerativa, é um achado comumente encontrado na cavidade oral, afetando grande número de indivíduos, sendo mais prevalente no sexo feminino. Porém, sua patogênese ainda não está bem definida, podendo estar associada a inúmeros fatores que estimulam a proliferação tecidual. O correto diagnóstico e o plano de tratamento são essenciais para o sucesso na abordagem, devolvendo a função e a estética aos tecidos periodontais. De consenso com a literatura, o tratamento mais usual e com maior previsibilidade é a remoção cirúrgica, que envolve a ressecção total da lesão, juntamente com sua base inserida no tecido subjacente, periósteo e tecido ósseo. No entanto, a excisão pode promover defeitos estéticos, principalmente em regiões anteriores, onde é mais acometido. Este artigo relatou a importância de uma correta abordagem cirúrgica para remoção de granuloma piogênico em região de papila interdental entre os dentes 42 e 43, resultando em um bom resultado anatômico e estético

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Clinical Crown Lengthening Using Piezoelectric Ultrasound

This case report is aimed at describing a flapless, minimally invasive clinical crown lengthening with an osteotomy performed using a piezoelectric ultrasound. A female patient complained about the amount of gum that was exposed when she smiled, which caused aesthetic discomfort. After a clinical examination, it was confirmed that the patient had excessive gum exposure in the upper arch of the dental region for teeth 14 to 24 when she smiled. The tomographic exam showed that bone tissue was at the level of the enamel-cementum junction, and gingival tissue covered a part of the anatomic crown. Virtual analysis using digital smile design (DSD) demonstrated that enlarging the clinical crowns would provide better aesthetics. The excess gingival tissue was removed from the gingival margin region with the aid of a mockup without interference to the interdental papillae. Then, osteotomy was performed using piezoelectric ultrasound until there was a 2.5 mm distance from the top of the bone crest to the new gingival margin. In the postoperative period, good repositioning of the gingival margin, absence of postoperative complications, and rapid healing of the gingival tissue were verified. After 6 months, a good aesthetic outcome was observed with stability in the level of the periodontal tissues obtained via the crown-lengthening technique. It can be concluded that the minimally invasive clinical crown-lengthening technique was effective in repositioning the gingival margin with no postoperative complications

Treatment of periodontal disease with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandiumgallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation in the treatment of periodontitis in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Ligatures were placed in the maxillary second molars. After a 15-day period, the ligatures were removed and 180 animals were randomly divided into six groups: (1) CSRP group—CSI and manual scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment; (2) CL group—CSI and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation; (3) CSRP + L group—CSI, SRP, and Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation; (4) SRP group—manual SRP; (5) L group—Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation; (6) SRP + L group—SRP and Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation. At 7, 15, and 30 days after treatments, animals were euthanized and histologic, histometric, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR analyses were performed. Histometrically, no differences were observed in the SRP, L, and SRP + L groups exposed to CSI. The CSRP group showed more bone formation at 30 days than at 15 days (p < 0.01) but less bone at 30 days than the CL group at 30 days (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining was positive for osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoclasts. Real-time PCR showed more (vascular endothelial growth factor) VEGF expression in the L (p < 0.05) and SRP + L (p < 0.01) groups at 30 days than at 15 days and less VEGF expression in the CSRP group at 30 days than at 15 days (p < 0.05). There was no difference in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation promotes favorable conditions for tissue repair even in animals exposed to CSI, with similar results as those achieved from manual scaling and root planing.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser application in the treatment of experimental periodontitis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of an erbium, chromium:yttrium–scandium–gallium–garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser in the absence or presence of manual scaling and root planning (SRP) for the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats. Ligatures were placed in the subgingival region of the maxillary first molar. After a 7-day period, the ligatures were removed, and 40 rats were randomly divided into four groups (G), as follows: (GI) no treatment, (GII) scaling and root planning (SRP) with curettes, (GIII) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and (GIV) SRP with curettes followed by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. Seven and 30 days after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed and histologic, histometric and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. All groups showed similar histopathological characteristics during the evaluation period. The histometric analysis was confirmed using Bonferroni and paired t tests. At 7 and 30 days, groups II, III and IV exhibited greater bone formation in the furcation area when compared to group I (p < 0.0001; p < 0.05). During the 7-day period, the groups irradiated with the laser (III and IV) showed a statistically larger new bone area than the group treated with SRP (II) (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the control group exhibited a higher expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL) when compared to groups II, III and IV (p < 0.05). All treatments were able to reduce the inflammatory processes, consequently enabling the repair of periodontal tissues. The results achieved with the application of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser suggest that this laser can stimulate greater bone formation, especially over a shorter period of time.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq