Critical Technologies in the Cluster of Virtual and Augmented Reality

Technologies of creating new products in the field of virtual reality have not only been widely developed, but have already reached the payback stage - primarily in the areas of computer games and simulators for drivers and operators of complex technology, including spacecraft, airplanes, helicopters, cars, etc. As a rule, when discussing these technologies, they add socalled technologies of augmented reality to them. This is logical, but the problem is that, for example, with government funding for the development of these two technologies in a single cluster of programs, there is a danger that all actual projects will be directed to commercialization in the field of virtual reality, whereas this is not so important, since may develop in ways of selffinancing. In this case, there is already a tendency to replace the enlarged concept only with its simplest component, i.e. The term “virtual reality” is used as a synonym for “virtual and augmented reality”, which is completely erroneous. This article aims to distinguish between these terms. To this end, a list of critical subtechnologies has been developed, which is divided into two subsections, one of which relates only to augmented reality technologies. The article may be useful in refining the state support program designed to develop this critical end-to-end digital technology

Analysis of Barriers to the Development of Industrial Internet of Things Technology and Ways to Overcome Them

The development of the digital economy requires the compilation of a roadmap for the development of all the end-to-end technologies included in the cluster of technologies that need to be developed to a new level. At the first stage, anticipating decisions on state financing of this cluster, a list of critical end-to-end technologies is compiled. The second step is the preparation of roadmaps for each of the selected critical technologies. As a rule, many experts are involved in drawing up roadmaps, including foreign experts. As a rule, the team of such experts is headed by an organization that has received instructions to develop a roadmap on a competitive basis. Of course, not all the wishes of all experts are taken into account by such an organization; therefore, there may be alternative opinions and alternative roadmaps, or additions to the developed roadmaps. If the roadmap developed by the governing organization is approved, alternative documents are only of perhaps scientific interest. If the roadmap developed by the core team of experts is not approved due to its insufficient completeness, the decision seems to be postponed, and the specified roadmap should be corrected by adding information from alternative documents, which, of course, should be done taking into account the opinion of all experts in the field. Since the approved roadmap for the "Industrial Internet of Things" direction does not yet exist, the authors consider it useful to present their position on this issue

2-Hetaryl-1,3-tropolones based on five-membered nitrogen heterocycles: synthesis, structure and properties

A series of derivatives of 2-hetaryl-1,3-tropolone (β-tropolone) was prepared by the acid-catalyzed reaction of 2-methylbenzoxazoles, 2-methylbenzothiazoles and 2,3,3-trimethylindoline with 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone. The molecular structures of the three representative compounds were determined by X-ray crystallography. In crystal and (as shown by the DFT PBE0/6-311+G** calculations) in solution, 2-hetaryl-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro- and 2-hetaryl-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolones exist in the NH-tautomeric form with a strong resonance-assisted intramolecular N–H···O hydrogen bond. The mechanism of the formation of 1,3-tropolones in the reaction of methylene-active five-membered heterocycles with o-chloranil in acetic acid solution has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The reaction of 2-(2-benzoxa(thia)zolyl)-5,6,7-trichloro(4,5,6,7-tetrachloro)-1,3-tropolones with alcohols leads to the contraction of the seven-membered tropone ring with the formation of 2-(2-benzoxa(thia)zolyl)-6-alkoxycarbonylphenols. The molecular structure of 2-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)benzoxazole has been determined by X-ray diffraction. 2-(2-Benzoxa(thia)zolyl)-6-alkoxycarbonylphenols display intense green fluorescence with anomalous Stokes shifts caused by the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) effects