Incidence of chickenpox and mumps in Karbala Governorate with their seasonal variation

Objectives Chickenpox and mumps are viral diseases caused by varicella zoster virus and mumps virus, respectively. Chickenpox is still a common communicable health problem among children. Mumps tends to affect older children more often than chickenpox. The study aimed to show the annual incidence of chickenpox and mumps with their correlation to gender and age groups. Methods Descriptive retrospective study. Total of 60,499 patients were included in this study. All data are collected during 2016 at Aon Primary Health Centre in Karbala province. Results Data of this study reveals that the incidence rate = 165.3/1000 for chickenpox and 97.5/1000 for mumps. The highest incidence rate for both infections according to age groups was among 5–9 years followed by 10–14 years. Seasonal variation was common during winter and spring for both diseases. Conclusion High incidence for both mumps and varicella zoster infection, in addition, most of the age groups affected were within 5–14 years

Prevalence of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adult (LADA) among Type 5 Diabetes Mellitus (D.M.5) in Karbala

Abstract:Objective: the aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of LADA among group of clinically diagnosed type 0 diabetes mellitus.Methodology: sample size equal to 082 patients with type 0 D.M. were subjected in this study, participating patients were consecutively recruited from Diabetes outpatient clinic in AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Karbala from June, 0212 through January, 0212. A clinical questioner containing personal data, family history, type of diabetes, type of treatment, FBS, HA1C, BMI, diabetes duration& complications of diabetes. For analysis of data Prevalence of LADA among D.M.0 cases was calculated as the proportion of LADA cases in the D.M.0 cases. The Chi square test (X0) was used to assess the significance (P-value) of differences in frequencies of categorical variables.Results: prevalence of LADA among D.M.0 patients was 10.1:. A significant difference in family history, BMI, FBS, HA1C and duration of D.M was found between the studied groups.Conclusion: The prevalence of LADA is clinically underestimated among D.M0 patients and age of onset of diabetes should no longer be considered as a valid way to differentiate diabetes.Recommendation: the study recommends screening for islet cell autoantibodies as GAD56 for all patients with diabetes at onset or beginning of disease.Key word: GAD65, LADA, diabetes mellitus

Increased Serum Terminal Complements Complex Levels in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widespread neuropsychiatric disorder in both children and adolescents, which is associated with social isolation and poor academic performance. Complement proteins are regarded as a major player in inflammation and disease development for several neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar diseases. As clarified by previous data, increased levels of complement molecules and other immunological markers as cytokines were demonstrated in these disorders. Limited studies have investigated complement proteins particularly terminal complement complex or membrane attack complex (C5b-9) among ADHD patients. The present research aims to elucidate the association between C5b-9 complex protein and ADHD.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Sera were collected from Al-Hussain Teaching Medical City in Holy Karbala, Iraq, during 2019-2020. Sera were tested for C5-b9 using commercial kits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In 90 participants included in the study, a significant increment in C5b-9 levels among ADHD patients (P=0.019) was observed. Patients with positive C5b-9 levels had a 2.76 times higher risk of developing ADHD than control subjects. The diagnostic utility for C5b-9 was statistically significant with 71.11% sensitivity, 55.6% specificity, and a high negative predictive value (97.3%).Conclusion: The study concluded elevation of the C5b-9 terminal complements complex levels in ADHD patients, which could point to the association of complement proteins as inflammatory markers with the ADHD disease process