The Effect of Management by Objectives on Performance Appraisal and Employee Satisfaction in Commercial Banks

Management by Objectives (MBO) is one of the most effective performance appraisal method widely used in the organization. This study deals with the effect of Management by Objectives on performance appraisal and employee satisfaction.  A self-administered questionnaire was used to judge the perception of the employees regarding MBO and its effect on their performance appraisal and employee satisfaction. The number of participants included in the survey was 60 employees from 33 commercial banks at Rajshahi Division in Bangladesh. This study aims to identify the respondent’s demographic profile such as age, education, salary, and banking experience and reveals the importance of MBO on their performance appraisal and employee satisfaction. IBM SPSS v23.0 program has been used to analyze the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and Regression analysis used to test the hypotheses. Econometric results suggest that MBO should be used as a method of performance appraisal and most of the commercial banks use Management by Objectives as an effective tool. In our correlation analysis we found performance appraisal and employee satisfaction have a significant positive relationship (r=0.715). Performance appraisal increase employee satisfaction. Employee satisfaction increase productivity and effectiveness in the organization. Proper reward mechanism increase satisfaction level of the employees. Keywords: Commercial Banks, Employee Satisfaction, Management by Objectives, Organizational Effectiveness and Performance Appraisal. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-20-02 Publication date:July 31st 202

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices: A Study on Foreign Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an important portion of an enterprise, bank or other industry. Corporate social responsibility increases the growth and success of a firm. Corporate Social Responsibility means responsibility for the people of the society about the country. The development of a society or a country happens only when the financial institutions like the bank of the country properly maintain their corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between corporate social responsibility and customer perceptions towards the corporations. In our paper, we discussed the theoretical framework of the CSR. The theoretical framework includes bright sides of the CSR and limitations of the CSR. We also analyze 5 commercial banks Bank Al- Falah, Habib Bank Ltd., HSBC, Commercial Bank of Ceylon, and Standard Chartered Banks CSR contribution in corporate social responsibility. We compare their contribution in 2018 and 2019 year. We see that some areas of contribution decrease in 2019 as compared to 2018. There is no contribution to infrastructure development. At last, we recommend foreign commercial banks to increase CSR contribution in some specific areas. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Foreign Commercial Banks, Social Contribution, Welfare. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-21-16 Publication date:July 31st 202

Performance Analysis of Linearly Arranged Concentric Circular Antenna Array with Low Sidelobe Level and Beamwidth Using Robust Tapering Technique

In this research, a novel antenna array named Linearly arranged Concentric Circular Antenna Array (LCCAA) is proposed, concerning lower beamwidth, lower sidelobe level, sharp ability to detect false signals, and impressive SINR performance. The performance of the proposed LCCAA beamformer is compared with geometrically identical existing beamformers using the conventional technique where the LCCAA beamformer shows the lowest beamwidth and sidelobe level (SLL) of 12.50° and −15.17 dB with equal elements accordingly. However, the performance is degraded due to look direction error, for which robust techniques, fixed diagonal loading (FDL), optimal diagonal loading (ODL), and variable diagonal loading (VDL), are applied to all the potential arrays to minimize this problem. Furthermore, the LCCAA beamformer is further simulated to reduce the sidelobe applying tapering techniques where the Hamming window shows the best performance having 17.097 dB less sidelobe level compared to the uniform window. The proposed structure is also analyzed under a robust tapered (VDL-Hamming) method which reduces around 69.92 dB and 48.39 dB more sidelobe level compared to conventional and robust techniques. Analyzing all the performances, it is clear that the proposed LCCAA beamformer is superior and provides the best performance with the proposed robust tapered (VDL-Hamming) technique

Performance Investigation of Linearly Arranged Circular, Circular Planer, Rectangular, and Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays Using Robust NVL Techniques

In this research, linearly arranged circular antenna array (LCAA), linearly arranged circular planer antenna array (LCPAA), linearly arranged rectangular antenna array (LRAA), and linearly arranged concentric circular antenna array (LCCAA) are analyzed using robust techniques. These four antenna arrays are briefly investigated to evaluate their beam width performance, ability to detect a false signal, and SINR power pattern performances. Robust techniques—fixed diagonal loading (FDL), optimal diagonal loading (ODL), variable diagonal loading (VDL), and new variable loading (NVL) techniques—are applied, and the NVL technique is found to be superior and provides the best performance with the proposed LCCAA beamformer. With an SINR of 40.45 dB, 40.29 dB, 40.18 dB, and 39.99 dB for 0°, 1°, 2°, and 3° disparity angles, respectively, and output powers of −0.019 dB, −0.076 dB, and −0.171 dB for 1°, 2°, and 3° disparity angles, respectively, LCCAA beamformers using the NVL technique outperform other beamformers with different robust approaches