Viral diversity in oral cavity from Sapajus nigritus by metagenomic analyses

Sapajus nigritus are non-human primates which are widespread in South America. They are omnivores and live in troops of up to 40 individuals. The oral cavity is one of the main entry routes for microorganisms, including viruses. Our study proposed the identification of viral sequences from oral swabs collected in a group of capuchin monkeys (n = 5) living in a public park in a fragment of Mata Atlantica in South Brazil. Samples were submitted to nucleic acid extraction and enrichment, which was followed by the construction of libraries. After high-throughput sequencing and contig assembly, we used a pipeline to identify 11 viral families, which are Herpesviridae, Parvoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Caulimoviridae, Iridoviridae, Astroviridae, Poxviridae, and Baculoviridae, in addition to two complete viral genomes of Anelloviridae and Genomoviridae. Some of these viruses were closely related to known viruses, while other fragments are more distantly related, with 50% of identity or less to the currently available virus sequences in databases. In addition to host-related viruses, insect and small vertebrate-related viruses were also found, as well as plant-related viruses, bringing insights about their diet. In conclusion, this viral metagenomic analysis reveals, for the first time, the profile of viruses in the oral cavity of wild, free ranging capuchin monkeys

A new marseillevirus isolated in Southern Brazil from Limnoperna fortunei

Members of the family Marseilleviridae are giant viruses that have the ability to infect amoebas. Such viruses were initially described in 2009. Since then, this family has grown, and diverse members have been found in different environments and geographic locations. Previous phylogenetic analyses suggested the existence of four marseillevirus lineages. A fourth lineage was described with the discovery of the Brazilian marseillevirus (BrMr), isolated from Pampulha Lake, Brazil. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of the Golden marseillevirus (GMar), a new marseillevirus isolated from golden mussels (Limnoperna fortunei) in South of Brazil. This new representative of Marseilleviridae has circular, double-stranded (dsDNA) that contains 360, 610 base pairs and encodes 483 open read frames (ORFs). The complete virus genome was sequenced and phylogenic analyses indicated clear differences between this virus and other marseilleviruses. In addition, this is the only marseillevirus so far that has been isolated from mussels, and this report expands the diversity of environments from which giant viruses could be recovered

Determinação da granulometria e análise das condições operacionais do peneiramento de painço (Panicum miliaceum) / Determination of granulometry and analysis of operational conditions of millet (Panicum miliaceum) sifting

A separação granulométrica visa separar e classificar materiais de acordo com seus diâmetros.  Um método em destaque para a realização dessa separação é o peneiramento. No peneiramento,  alimenta-se  um conjunto de peneiras com uma quantidade de massa predeterminada do material que se deseja separar e classificar. Sob agitação, os particulados tendem a passar ou reter-se nas peneiras conforme seu diâmetro e o diâmetro de abertura das peneiras. Assim, a técnica de peneiramento é muito empregada para realizar a separação e classificação de particulados, além de ser utilizada para construção de modelos de distribuição de materiais. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou realizar a separação dos grãos de painço em diferentes condições operacionais e determinar um modelo de distribuição granulométrica para as sementes. Avaliando-se o peneiramento, os grãos reteram-se na peneira de 10 Mesh, na qual cerca de 90% dos grãos acumulou-se, indicando tamanhos de partícula entre 2 mm e 2,5 mm. Além disso, o modelo que melhor descreveu o ensaio foi o Gates, Gaudin e Schuhmann (GGS), para uma condição operacional de 5 minutos e intensidade de agitação 9

Circulation of Dengue virus serotype 1 genotype V and Dengue virus serotype 2 genotype III in Tocantins state, Northern Brazil, 2021–2022

In Brazil, the state of Tocantins, located in north-central Brazil, has experienced a significant number of cases of arboviral disease, particularly Dengue virus (DENV). This study aimed to deepen the knowledge on DENV circulation within that state by conducting full genome sequencing of viral genomes recovered from 61 patients between June 2021 and July 2022. There were a total of 8807 and 20,692 cases in 2021 and 2022, respectively, as reported by the state’s Secretary of Health. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed the circulation of DENV serotype 1, genotype V and DENV serotype 2, genotype III in the State. Younger age groups (4 to 43 years old) were mostly affected; however, no significant differences were detected regarding the gender distribution of cases in humans. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the circulating viruses belong to DENV-1 genotype V American and DENV-2 genotype III Southeast Asian/American. The Bayesian analysis of DENV-1 genotype V genomes sequenced here are closely related to genomes previously sequenced in the state of São Paulo. Regarding the DENV-2 genotype III genomes, these clustered in a distinct, well-supported subclade, along with previously reported isolates from the states of Goiás and São Paulo. The findings reported here suggest that multiple introductions of these genotypes occurred in the Tocantins state. This observation highlights the importance of major population centers in Brazil on virus dispersion, such as those observed in other Latin American and North American countries. In the SNP analysis, DENV-1 displayed 122 distinct missense mutations, while DENV-2 had 44, with significant mutations predominantly occurring in the envelope and NS5 proteins. The analyses performed here highlight the concomitant circulation of distinct DENV-1 and -2 genotypes in some Brazilian states, underscoring the dynamic evolution of DENV and the relevance of surveillance efforts in supporting public health policies

Esquistossomose: uma doença negligenciada no estado de Alagoas / Schistosomosis: a negligenced disease in the state of Alagoas

Notoriamente doenças infecciosas que se disseminam e se perpetuam em meios em que há precária estrutura sanitária, condição de moradia e alimentação além da dificuldade em se acessar o sistema de saúde pelas pessoas. A esquistossomose é considerada uma patologia infecto-parasitária provocada por vermes do gênero Schistosoma, que têm como hospedeiros intermediários, caramujos. No Brasil ela é um importante problema de saúde pública e segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (2014). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório e retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, construído pelo Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Enfermagem (GEPEnf) do Centro Universitário Cesmac. No Estado de Alagoas de acordo informações do DataSUS dentre os anos de 2013 e 2016 tiveram casos positivos a quantia de 36.808, como exposto no Quadro 1. Os municípios com maior incidência foram: União dos Palmares, Capela, São José da Laje, Viçosa e Branquinha. Tendo como elevadíssimo, o índice desta infecção parasitária, é notável que se configura um problema de saúde pública e que se necessita de um reforço em ações educativas nestas comunidades sobre este tema. Observa-se que apesar dos avanços, esta patologia ainda se encontra com números alarmantes, fortalecendo a falta de saneamento e educação continuada para comunidade.

Genomic epidemiology reveals the circulation of the Chikungunya virus east/central/south african lineage in Tocantins State, north Brazil

The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus of the family Togaviridae transmitted to humans by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. In Brazil, imported cases have been reported since June 2014 through two independent introductions, one caused by Asian Lineage in Oiapoque, Amapá state, North Region, and another caused by East/Central/South African (ECSA) in Feira de Santana, Bahia state, Northeast Region. Moreover, there is still limited information about the genomic epidemiology of the CHIKV from surveillance studies. The Tocantins state, located in Northern Brazil, reported an increase in the number of CHIKV cases at the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022. Thus, to better understand the dispersion dynamics of this viral pathogen in the state, we generated 27 near-complete CHIKV genome sequences from four cities, obtained from clinical samples. Our results showed that the newly CHIKV genomes from Tocantins belonged to the ECSA lineage. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that Tocantins’ strains formed a single well-supported clade, which appear to be closely related to isolates from the Rio Grande do Norte state (Northeast Brazil) and the Rio de Janeiro state (Southeast Brazil), that experienced an explosive ECSA epidemic between 2016–2019. Mutation analyses showed eleven frequent non-synonymous mutations in the structural and non-structural proteins, indicating the autochthonous transmission of the CHIKV in the state. None of the genomes recovered within the Tocantins samples carry the A226V mutation in the E1 protein associated with increased transmission in A. albopictus. The study presented here highlights the importance of continued genomic surveillance to provide information not only on recording mutations along the viral genome but as a molecular surveillance tool to trace virus spread within the country, to predict events of likely occurrence of new infections, and, as such, contribute to an improved public health service

Complicações Pós-Operatórias em Cirurgia Geral: Estratégias de Prevenção e Manejo

This review article addresses postoperative complications in general surgery and the effective strategies for their prevention and management. In the introduction, the importance of the topic and the objectives of the review are emphasized. The methodology includes the search strategy in databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library, with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The synthesis of results groups the studies into topics such as Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs, surgical safety checklists, venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis, and surgical site infection control. The discussion addresses the implications of the results, limitations of the studies, and recommendations for future research. The conclusion highlights the best practices and approaches identified, such as the implementation of ERAS programs, the use of surgical safety checklists, and individualized strategies for VTE prophylaxis and infection control. This study emphasizes the importance of an evidence-based approach to improve outcomes and safety in general surgery.Este artigo de revisão aborda as complicações pós-operatórias em cirurgia geral e as estratégias eficazes para sua prevenção e manejo. Na introdução, enfatiza-se a importância do tema e os objetivos da revisão. A metodologia inclui a estratégia de busca em bases de dados como PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase e Cochrane Library, com critérios de inclusão e exclusão claros. A síntese dos resultados agrupa os estudos em tópicos como programas de Recuperação Avançada Após Cirurgia (ERAS), checklists de segurança cirúrgica, profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) e controle de infecções do sítio cirúrgico. A discussão aborda as implicações dos resultados, limitações dos estudos e recomendações para pesquisas futuras. A conclusão ressalta as melhores práticas e abordagens identificadas, como a implementação de programas ERAS, uso de checklists de segurança e estratégias individualizadas para profilaxia do TEV e controle de infecções. Este estudo destaca a importância de uma abordagem baseada em evidências para melhorar os desfechos e a segurança em cirurgia geral

Psychological Distress in Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty, and Social Support

Objective: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. Results: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color ( = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) ( = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition( = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS ( = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT ( = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. Conclusions: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A inclusão escolar para pacientes com deficiência intelectual ou atraso cognitivo: School inclusion for patients with intellectual disability or cognitive delay

A educação inclusiva é fundamental para que crianças e adolescentes vivenciem ideias e experiências de ensino aprendizagem significativa, desenvolvam a autonomia e conquistem direitos de cidadania. No entanto, existem obstáculos que precisam ser compreendidos e superados e estratégias que podem ser adotadas para promover a inclusão de crianças com deficiência intelectual ou atraso cognitivo. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o processo de inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência intelectual ou atraso cognitivo. Para isso, trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, desenvolvida a partir da seleção de estudos nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e BVS/Medline a partir do uso de descritores DeCS/MeSH e aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após a análise e interpretação dos dados, concluiu-se que, no processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência intelectual ou atraso cognitivo no ambiente escolar, a educação inclusiva interfere positivamente na qualidade de vida desses. Para isso, destacam-se uma série de estratégias relevantes, tais como: envolvimento de escola como um todo, dos professores e da família; compreender a deficiência; valorizar os interesses e habilidades dos alunos com deficiência; estimular a autodeterminação desses e a convivência entre pessoas deficientes e não deficientes; promover a socialização por meio de jogos; utilizar atividades adaptadas; e cuidar da formação inicial e continuada dos professores, contemplando ideias sobre educação inclusiva