Tuberculose pulmonar: perfil epidemiológico do sertão Pernambucano, Brasil / Pulmonary tuberculosis: epidemiological profile of sertão Pernambucano, Brazil

Atualmente, observa-se que a tuberculose pulmonar constitui um importante problema de Saúde Pública no mundo, uma vez que esse agravo apresentou, em 2015, 10,4 milhões de casos, dos quais, mais de um milhão de pessoas vieram a óbito. Sob essa perspectiva, o presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um perfil epidemiológico dos casos de Tuberculose Pulmonar notificados no município de Serra Talhada, entre os anos de 2007 a 2017. Foi realizado um estudo de série histórica observacional do tipo transversal, no intervalo de tempo de 2007 a 2017.  No período investigado o número de casos de tuberculose pulmonar foi de 246 casos, o local que teve a maior prevalência foi Serra Talhada, 287 por 100 mil habitantes. Diante dos dados apresentados, é imprescindível concluir, portanto, que esse estudo corrobora o perfil epidemiológico brasileiro para a Tuberculose Pulmonar, o qual indica variabilidade nos índices de acometimento durante o período analisado

Sequential one-pot NaDES assisted extraction and biotransformation of rice bran: A new strategy to boost antioxidant activity of natural extracts

International audienceNatural Deep Eutectic solvents (NaDES) was used to produce, after sequential one-pot extraction and biotransformation of naturally pigmented rice bran (RB), ready-to-use extracts that improve the oxidative stability of lipids in an oil-in-water emulsion. Two NaDES-based strategies were implemented. Extraction of phenolics content varied according to the NaDES. The shiftable NaDES (obtained from the acidic-NaDES based on ChCl and xylitol) stands out by showing content of 1525 mg eq gallic acid/100 g RB. The sequential one-pot biotransformation with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B after increasing pH, was marked by a decrease in phenolics content and a lipids profile variation. These enriched extracts could be used as natural additives or ready-to-use extracts, as confirmed by the encouraging antioxidant results observed in emulsion. Omics tools should be applied to elucidate the structural rearrangement between compounds and the pool of extracted antioxidant molecules that may explain the protection against lipid oxidation

Avaliação dos tióis proteicos ao longo da maturação de grãos de trigo em genótipos de diferentes aptidões tecnológicas

O trigo é considerado a matéria-prima mais adequada para a fabricação de pães e massas devido à sua viscoelasticidade, determinada pela qualidade do glúten. Apesar do conhecido impacto dos polímeros de glúten na qualidade do trigo, a dinâmica da formação das pontes dissulfeto, por meio da oxidação dos tióis das cisteínas (PSH), não está completamente elucidada. Este trabalho objetivou o estudo da evolução do estado redox dos PSH de 8 genótipos de trigo (Triticum aestivum) brasileiro ao longo da maturação do grão (estádios leitoso, pastoso, maturação fisiológica, maduro e farinha). Os grãos foram caracterizados quanto ao peso médio, umidade, proteínas totais e PSH pelo método de DTNB. Os grãos maduros apresentaram em média 12% de umidade, 15% de proteína e peso seco de 34,0±2,1 mg/grão. Os teores de PSH variaram de 2,2-8,6 μmol/g (leitoso), 1,7-7,2 μmol/g (pastoso) a 1,0-3,4 μmol/g (maturação fisiológica). Em grãos maduros e farinhas, o teor de PSH foi similar para todas as amostras (2,3±0,6 µmol/g; <2 µmol/g, respectivamente). Três genótipos apresentaram oxidação excessiva nos estádios imaturos. As demais amostras apresentaram um declínio progressivo no teor de PSH, corroborando a literatura e confirmando o envolvimento destes nas pontes dissulfetos intermoleculares de acordo com o desenvolvimento do grão

Foodomics in wheat flour reveals phenolic profile of different genotypes and technological qualities

International audiencePhenolic compounds (PC) strongly contribute to the beneficial health effects of wheat, but their interactions can affect the quality of end-use wheat products. Free and bound PC were comprehensively characterized in 14 wheat flours (Triticum aestivum) from different Brazilian genotypes and technological qualities by using a metabolomics approach (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE) combined with classical characterizations: colorimetry, ash, protein, starch and total phenolic content (TPC). Globally, 43 PC were identified: 33 (bound, 28 (free) and 15 in all flours, regardless of extract. Ferulic acid isomers were the most abundant PC, representing 25–50% of ion abundance depending on genotype. Campeiro, Sossego and Topázio genotypes showed a distinguished profile, with the highest total relative abundance of PC. TPC was significantly higher in flours with higher gluten strength (66.5–58.0 mg GAE/100 g flour). The ratio free-to-bound of PC averaged 1.15 between the flours of different technological qualities. Although PCA highlighted specific PC related to technological qualities, the genotype effect was very pronounced. This study correlates the phenolic profile and technological quality of wheat flours and provides the most recent data on the secondary metabolites profile, especially PC in refined flour, attesting to its significant nutritional importance due to its large consumption in refined forms

Changes in metabolomic profile and antioxidant activity during sorghum grain growth

International audienceThe comprehensive phenolic profile, antioxidant activity and color of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., caudatum) grains were investigated in five different stages of growth (from cellular division to maturity). Grains were harvested (2018, Montpellier-France), freeze-dried and cryogenically ground. Colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*) were determined and free (FPC) and bound (BPC) phenolic compounds were extracted from wholegrain flours. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu methods in microplates. Phenolic profile was analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE in negative mode. Data were processed with Progenesis QI using a customized database (PubChem and Phenol explorer) applying: mass error (80%) and reproducibility (3/3). Sorghum grain flours became significantly darker and redness throughout maturation. FPC and BPC ranged from 207.19 to 1052.77 and 268.71 to 624.75 mg GAE/100g (db), respectively; and antioxidant activity between 10.84 to 108.68 and 29.92 to 67.50 mg TE/100g (db). The most immature stage (S1) had the highest FPC content and antioxidant activity in free extracts, while the highest values of BPC were found in mature grains (S4, mature). S2 represents the grain filling stage and showed the same values in both extracts. Globally, 69 FPC and 120 BPC were tentatively identified with 18 compounds present in both extracts. The first stages (S1-S3) showed the highest number and abundance of phenolic compounds. Bound phenolics were the most abundant (72%), mainly in S2, while free soluble phenolics were higher in immature stages, decreasing along grain maturation. PCA allowed a distinguished phenolic profile in each stage, where S1, S2 and mature presented more than 10 unique PC. This work seems to be the first to reveal the phenolic profiling based on metabolomics during sorghum grain growth. These data can be hereafter correlated with proteomic analysis, in order to better understand the digestion problematic involving tannins and kafirins in this cereal matrix

Dataset on phenolic profile of seven wheat genotypes along maturation

This article contains data on phenolic-profiling of seven wheat genotypes along maturation (softy, milky, physiological maturity and mature). This supplementary data is related to research “Metabolomic approach for characterization of phenolic compounds in different wheat genotypes during grain development” (Santos et al., 2018). Briefly, free and bound phenolic compounds were extracted with 80% ethanol (v/v) and hydrolysis processes, respectively. The aliquots resultants were separated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and analyzed by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF). Data were acquired using a multiplexed MS/MS acquisition with alternating low and high energy acquisition (MSE). The phenolic compounds with their respective abundances are showed here through characterization table and multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis—HCA—and principal component analysis—PCA)

Lipidomics of rice bran

International audienc

Fonctionnalisation enzymatique et caractérisation métabolomique des composés phénoliques de blé et de riz obtenus par extraction classique ou solvant eutectique

International audienceWheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are among the three most important cereals in the world in terms of production (second and third, respectively) and the most consumed cereals by human. Cereal grains and their coproducts are rich in phenolic compounds (PC), which display a wide spectrum of bioactivities but have a moderate to low solubility in hydrophobic media that restricts their application in oil-based products. Improving the amphiphilic character of cereals PC by functionalization (esterification) can be a strategy to enhance their functions and activity in products containing oils. Before such functionalization, PC must be efficiently extracted and the choice of the solvent of extraction is crucial. Among the green solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DES) appear as extremely effective to extract PC due to their solubilization capacity and their compatibility with enzymatic reactions. The chemical complexity of the obtained extracts can be resolved by metabolomics approaches that allow a broad and reliable identification of compounds with different physical-chemical properties. In this context, this study aims at characterizing the PC in different genotypes of wheat, rice and their coproducts (brans) by metabolomics approaches. CP will be extracted with different extraction solvents including conventional (hydro-alcoholic) and DES solvents. We also plan to study the phenolic profile along the wheat grain development. Our study should contribute to the selection of high quality cultivars, with a great content and diversity of bioactive compounds. This study wil also help determining the potential of DES as a medium for PC extraction from cereal coproducts and as a media for in situ functionalization of the PC extracts

Lipidomics of rice bran

International audienc

Metabolomic profile of phenolic compounds in sorghum during grain growth

International audienceSorghum grains have gained prominence, since it represents a non-allergenic alternative to gluten and due to the health benefits of its bioactive compounds. However, these bioactive compounds may complex with sorghum proteins, limiting proteolysis and reducing digestibility up to 50%. This work aimed to investigate the phenolic profile of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., caudatum) in six different stages (S1-S6) of grain growth. Grains were freeze-dried and cryogenically ground. Free (FPC) and bound (BPC) phenolic compounds were extracted and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteau method adapted to microplates. Phenolic profile was analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE in negative mode. Data were processed with Progenesis QI using a customized database based on PubChem and Phenol explorer applying: mass error (80%) and reproducibility (3/3). FPC ranged between 101.24 to 443.84 mg GAE/100g (db), being the highest values in immature stages (S2-S4); while BPC varied from 125.48 to 306.12 mg GAE/100g (db), where the highest values were found in mature grains (S8, S10, mature). S6 represents the grain filling stage; in this point sorghum grains showed the same content of FPC and BPC. When represented per grain, the total phenolic content increased until S6 and remained constant until maturity. Globally, 118 FPC and 197 BPC were tentatively identified. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were the most abundant classes (68%). Immature grains (S2-S6) showed a distinguished phenolic profile presenting higher abundance than matures. It was still possible to identify tannins directly related to the reduction of protein digestibility, mainly the condensables (93% of total identified) until trimers. The abundance of these PC progressively increased until S6 and then reduced. This work seems to be the first one to reveal the phenolic profile based on metabolomic approach during sorghum grain growth. These data will be hereafter correlated with proteomic analysis