A investigação sobre turismo em Portugal

Mestrado em Gestão e Desenvolvimento em TurismoA presente dissertação analisa a investigação científica sobre o Turismo produzida no âmbito dos cursos de pós-graduação (mestrados e doutoramentos) realizados em instituições de ensino superior portuguesas ou nelas tendo obtido equivalência, situando o correspondente perfil no contexto alargado da investigação turística. Compreendendo o levantamento integral daqueles graus a nível nacional, a análise de conteúdo foi aplicada aos registos compilados numa base de dados construída para o efeito, através da consulta de catálogos bibliográficos em linha e complementada por sucessivas rondas contactos directos com aquelas instituições e com os orientadores envolvidos. Os resultados apurados sugerem uma consonância da situação portuguesa apurada com a realidade internacional, não obstante um “despertar” mais tardio da comunidade científica nacional para o seu estudo e da ainda reduzida expressão alcançada. Além da equiparação verificada ao nível da concentração da representação em termos temporais, institucionais, disciplinares e temáticos, é ainda notada a incipiência das dinâmicas colaborativas. No contexto do apoio à investigação, verifica-se uma ampliação das assimetrias identificadas, reflectindo uma perspectiva economicista e operacional. Quanto às limitações constatadas, reconhece-se a natureza parcelar dos dados em que assenta e o carácter quantitativo da análise efectuada, baseando-se nos produtos duma única modalidade investigativa, não aprofundando os factores explicativos dos desempenhos apurados. ABSTRACT: This dissertation provides an analysis of Tourism scientific research produced within postgraduate programmes (Master and Doctoral) carried out in Portuguese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) or granted ‘equivalent’ status, pinpointing its general profile in the wider Tourism research scene. Surveying all theses adjudicated in Portugal, a content analysis was applied to the records compiled in a purpose-built database, created from the results of online bibliographic catalogue searches and successive rounds of direct contacts with HEIs and thesis supervisors. The results obtained suggest some concurrency between the Portuguese and the general research settings related to Tourism, albeit a belated “awakening” to its study by the national scientific community and a modest magnitude attained. While bearing witness to time, institution, discipline and theme concentrations on the production of theses, collaborative dynamics are deemed incipient. These asymmetries seem further amplified by research funding practices, reflecting an economic and operational orientation on granted scholarships. Regarding the limitations of this study, reliance on a single data type and the quantitative nature of the analysis performed are acknowledged, proving unable to explain the productivity levels and the spectrum of topics revealed

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

O estado da arte da investigação em turismo em Portugal

Ainda que a investigação sobre Turismo abranja actualmente uma multiplicidade de áreas científicas eassuntos, o conhecimento acerca das suas características, evolução ou intervenientes permanece limitado. Assentandona análise do universo das teses de doutoramento e dissertações de mestrado sobre Turismo atribuídas em Portugal, opresente artigo estabelece um retrato pormenorizado da investigação académica realizada entre 1986 e 2008. Elaborandosobre as respectivas características gerais, desempenho institucional, cursos, áreas disciplinares, assuntos, focalizaçãogeográfica, orientação e apoio à investigação, os resultados indiciam estreitas similaridades entre Portugal e outros países,ainda que denunciem um desempenho modesto.Whereas Tourism research encompasses many different disciplines and subjects nowadays, knowledge about its characteristics, evolution or participants remains limited. Examining all of the Portuguese PhD and Master’s theses submitted between 1986 and 2008 on the subject of Tourism, this paper provides a detailed picture of academic research undertaken. While addressing their general attributes, institutional performance, study programmes, disciplines, subjects,geographical focus, supervisors and scholarships, results point to close similarities between Portugal and other countries,although revealing a relatively modest productivity.publishe

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq