1,534 research outputs found
Divergent drivers of carbon dioxide and methane dynamics in an agricultural coastal floodplain: post-flood hydrological and biological drivers
Many coastal floodplains have been artificially drained for agriculture, altering hydrological connectivity and the delivery of groundwater-derived solutes including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to surface waters. Here, we investigated the drivers of CO2 and CH4 within the artificial drains.of a coastal floodplain under sugarcane plantation and quantify the contribution of groundwater discharge to CO2 and CH4 dynamics over a flood event (290 mm of rainfall). High temporal resolution, in situ observations of dissolved CO2 and CH4, carbon stable isotopes of CH4 (delta C-13-CH4), and the natural groundwater tracer radon (Rn-222) allowed us to quantify. CO2, CH4 and groundwater dynamics during the rapid recession of a flood over a five day period. Extreme super-saturation of free CO2 ([CO2*]) up to 2,951 mu M (25,480% of atmospheric equilibrium) was driven by large groundwater input into the drains (maximum 87 cm day-(1)), caused by a steep hydraulic head in the adjacent water table. Groundwater input sustained between 95 and 124% of the surface [CO2*] flux during the flood recession by delivering high carbonate alkalinity groundwater (DIC = 10,533 mu M, similar to pH = 7.05) to acidic surface water (pH <4), consequently transforming all groundwater-derived DIC to [CO2*]. In contrast, groundwater was not a major direct driver of CH4 contributing only 14% of total CH4 fluxes. A progressive increase in CH4 concentrations of up to similar to 2400 nM day-(1) occurred as a combination of increased substrate availability delivered by post-flood drainage water and longer residence times, which allowed for a biogenic CH4 signal to develop. The progressive enrichment in delta C-13-CH4 values (- 70%. to-48%.) and increase in CH4 concentrations (46-2460 nM) support coupled production-oxidation, with concentrations and delta C-13 values remaining higher (2,798 nM and-47%.) than pre-flood conditions (534 nM and-55 parts per thousand) three weeks after the flood. Our findings demonstrate how separate processes can drive the aquatic CO2 and CH4 response to a flood event in a drained coastal floodplain, and the key role groundwater had in post-flood [CO2*] evasion to the atmosphere, but not CH4. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Longitudinal development of 5m sprint performance in young female tennis players
Sprint performance over short distances is a central component in young tennis players' development. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal development of sprint performance in young female tennis players, and to investigate differences between performance levels. Also potentially explanatory variables were investigated. Female tennis players aged 10-15 (N= 167) participated in a, mixed-longitudinal study (n= 48 elite;n= 119 sub-elite). Players were measured annually on the 5 m sprint as well as for possible explaining variables for 5 m sprint performance development (age, height, body mass, maturity status, lower limb explosive strength). Multilevel analysis was used to obtain a developmental model. Moreover, it was possible to predict sprint performance (5 m) based on chronological age, body size given by height, and lower limb strength performance (p . 05). Sprint performance is an important characteristic of young female tennis players and seemed to depend on growth and maturation in parallel to physical fitness
Characterization of volatile and sensory profile of Cabernet Sauvignon wines produced in six different vineyards of the Campanha Gaúcha region, Brazil.
XV Congresso Latino-Americano de Viticultura e Enologia E XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Viticultura e Enologia. Bento Gonçalves-RS, 3 a 7 de Novembro de 2015
A Simple Model for the DNA Denaturation Transition
We study pairs of interacting self-avoiding walks on the 3d simple cubic
lattice. They have a common origin and are allowed to overlap only at the same
monomer position along the chain. The latter overlaps are indeed favored by an
energetic gain.
This is inspired by a model introduced long ago by Poland and Sheraga [J.
Chem. Phys. {\bf 45}, 1464 (1966)] for the denaturation transition in DNA
where, however, self avoidance was not fully taken into account. For both
models, there exists a temperature T_m above which the entropic advantage to
open up overcomes the energy gained by forming tightly bound two-stranded
structures.
Numerical simulations of our model indicate that the transition is of first
order (the energy density is discontinuous), but the analog of the surface
tension vanishes and the scaling laws near the transition point are exactly
those of a second order transition with crossover exponent \phi=1. Numerical
and exact analytic results show that the transition is second order in modified
models where the self-avoidance is partially or completely neglected.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX, 20 postscript figure
Ruminal Prevotella spp. May Play an Important Role in the Conversion of Plant Lignans into Human Health Beneficial Antioxidants
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the most abundant lignan in flaxseed, is metabolized by the ruminal microbiota into enterolignans, which are strong antioxidants. Enterolactone (EL), the main mammalian enterolignan produced in the rumen, is transferred into physiological fluids, with potentially human health benefits with respect to menopausal symptoms, hormone-dependent cancers, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and diabetes. However, no information exists to our knowledge on bacterial taxa that play a role in converting plant lignans into EL in ruminants. In order to investigate this, eight rumen cannulated cows were used in a double 4×4 Latin square design and fed with four treatments: control with no flax meal (FM), or 5%, 10% and 15% FM (on a dry matter basis). Concentration of EL in the rumen increased linearly with increasing FM inclusion. Total rumen bacterial 16S rRNA concentration obtained using Q-PCR did not differ among treatments. PCR-T-RFLP based dendrograms revealed no global clustering based on diet indicating between animal variation. PCR-DGGE showed a clustering by diet effect within four cows that had similar basal ruminal microbiota. DNA extracted from bands present following feeding 15% FM and absent with no FM supplementation were sequenced and it showed that many genera, in particular Prevotella spp., contributed to the metabolism of lignans. A subsequent in vitro study using selected pure cultures of ruminal bacteria incubated with SDG indicated that 11 ruminal bacteria were able to convert SDG into secoisolariciresinol (SECO), with Prevotella spp. being the main converters. These data suggest that Prevotella spp. is one genus playing an important role in the conversion of plant lignans to human health beneficial antioxidants in the rumen
The STRIP instrument of the Large Scale Polarization Explorer: microwave eyes to map the Galactic polarized foregrounds
In this paper we discuss the latest developments of the STRIP instrument of
the "Large Scale Polarization Explorer" (LSPE) experiment. LSPE is a novel
project that combines ground-based (STRIP) and balloon-borne (SWIPE)
polarization measurements of the microwave sky on large angular scales to
attempt a detection of the "B-modes" of the Cosmic Microwave Background
polarization. STRIP will observe approximately 25% of the Northern sky from the
"Observatorio del Teide" in Tenerife, using an array of forty-nine coherent
polarimeters at 43 GHz, coupled to a 1.5 m fully rotating crossed-Dragone
telescope. A second frequency channel with six-elements at 95 GHz will be
exploited as an atmospheric monitor. At present, most of the hardware of the
STRIP instrument has been developed and tested at sub-system level.
System-level characterization, starting in July 2018, will lead STRIP to be
shipped and installed at the observation site within the end of the year. The
on-site verification and calibration of the whole instrument will prepare STRIP
for a 2-years campaign for the observation of the CMB polarization.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Telescopes
+ Instrumentation conference "Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared
Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX", on June 15th, 2018, Austin
(TX
A compositional link between rocky exoplanets and their host stars
Stars and planets both form by accreting material from a surrounding disk.
Because they grow from the same material, theory predicts that there should be
a relationship between their compositions. In this study, we search for a
compositional link between rocky exoplanets and their host stars. We estimate
the iron-mass fraction of rocky exoplanets from their masses and radii and
compare it with the compositions of their host stars, which we assume reflect
the compositions of the protoplanetary disks. We find a correlation (but not a
1:1 relationship) between these two quantities, with a slope of >4, which we
interpret as being attributable to planet formation processes. Super-Earths and
super-Mercuries appear to be distinct populations with differing compositions,
implying differences in their formation processes.Comment: Authors' version of the manuscript. Published in Scienc
Characterizing the Cool KOIs III. KOI-961: A Small Star with Large Proper Motion and Three Small Planets
We present the characterization of the star KOI 961, an M dwarf with transit
signals indicative of three short-period exoplanets, originally discovered by
the Kepler Mission. We proceed by comparing KOI 961 to Barnard's Star, a
nearby, well-characterized mid-M dwarf. By comparing colors, optical and
near-infrared spectra, we find remarkable agreement between the two, implying
similar effective temperatures and metallicities. Both are metal-poor compared
to the Solar neighborhood, have low projected rotational velocity, high
absolute radial velocity, large proper motion and no quiescent H-alpha
emission--all of which is consistent with being old M dwarfs. We combine
empirical measurements of Barnard's Star and expectations from evolutionary
isochrones to estimate KOI 961's mass (0.13 +/- 0.05 Msun), radius (0.17 +/-
0.04 Rsun) and luminosity (2.40 x 10^(-3.0 +/- 0.3) Lsun). We calculate KOI
961's distance (38.7 +/- 6.3 pc) and space motions, which, like Barnard's Star,
are consistent with a high scale-height population in the Milky Way. We perform
an independent multi-transit fit to the public Kepler light curve and
significantly revise the transit parameters for the three planets. We calculate
the false-positive probability for each planet-candidate, and find a less than
1% chance that any one of the transiting signals is due to a background or
hierarchical eclipsing binary, validating the planetary nature of the transits.
The best-fitting radii for all three planets are less than 1 Rearth, with KOI
961.03 being Mars-sized (Rp = 0.57 +/- 0.18 Rearth), and they represent some of
the smallest exoplanets detected to date.Comment: Accepted to Ap
Role of T198 Modification in the Regulation of p27Kip1 Protein Stability and Function
The tumor suppressor gene p27Kip1 plays a fundamental role in human cancer progression. Its expression and/or functions are altered in almost all the different tumor histotype analyzed so far. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the tumor suppression function of p27 resides not only in the ability to inhibit Cyclins/CDKs complexes through its N-terminal domain but also in the capacity to modulate cell motility through its C-terminal portion. Particular interest has been raised by the last amino-acid, (Threonine 198) in the regulation of both protein stability and cell motility
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