Pressure–volume curve demonstrating tidal ventilation at various positive end-expiratory pressure levels

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bench-to-bedside review: Recruitment and recruiting maneuvers"</p><p>Critical Care 2004;9(1):60-65.</p><p>Published online 18 Aug 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC1065091.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 BioMed Central Ltd</p> Tidal ventilation is shown at 12, 18 and 24 cmHO with no recruitment effect (solid lines); at 18 cmHO with partial recruitment (18a), and at 12 and 24 cmHO following an effective recruitment manuever (12a, 24a)

Partial Ventilatory Support Modalities in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—A Systematic Review

<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The efficacy of partial ventilatory support modes that allow spontaneous breathing in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unclear. The objective of this scoping review was to assess the effects of partial ventilatory support on mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and both hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay (LOS) for patients with ALI and ARDS; the secondary objective was to describe physiologic effects on hemodynamics, respiratory system and other organ function.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>MEDLINE (1966–2009), Cochrane, and EmBase (1980–2009) databases were searched using common ventilator modes as keywords and reference lists from retrieved manuscripts hand searched for additional studies. Two researchers independently reviewed and graded the studies using a modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine grading system. Studies in adult ALI/ARDS patients were included for primary objectives and pre-clinical studies for supporting evidence.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, in addition to six prospective cohort studies, one retrospective cohort study, one case control study, 41 clinical physiologic studies and 28 pre-clinical studies. No study was powered to assess mortality, one RCT showed shorter ICU length of stay, and the other demonstrated more ventilator free days. Beneficial effects of preserved spontaneous breathing were mainly physiological effects demonstrated as improvement of gas exchange, hemodynamics and non-pulmonary organ perfusion and function.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The use of partial ventilatory support modalities is often feasible in patients with ALI/ARDS, and may be associated with short-term physiological benefits without appreciable impact on clinically important outcomes.</p> </div

Modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence (8).

<p>RCT = randomized control trial; SR = systematic review. For definitions refer to text.</p

Summary of results for clinical studies.

<p>APACHE2: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation 2 Score; ARF: acute renal failure; CI: cardiac index; CPPV: continuous positive pressure ventilation; CRS: compliance (respiratory system); DO2: oxygen delivery; PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg); PMAX/PINFLATION : upper and lower (respectively) pressure levels in APRV/BIPAP mode; LIS: lung-injury score; NR: not reported; RASS: Richmond Agitation Severity Score; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; VT: tidal volume; all other abbreviations as stated previously in the text.</p

Brown Queers screened at Leeds Queer Film Festival

Shown at Leeds Queer Festival: Brown Queers (Michelle Williams Gamaker, 2017) Brown Queers developed out of a need to create a social document of current modes of identity through multiple personas and styles. The protagonists of Brown Queers explore such modes through their conscious decision to be gender fluid and non-binary. For the past eight months, I have been following Krishna Istha, Katy Jalili and Natasha Lall, all individuals who identify as queer and brown. Beyond this, complexities related to nationality, race, gender and sexuality play out through their bodies and in the different contexts in which they live and work: the film thus acts as a record of these individuals in contemporary Britain. Brown Queers poses questions that come out of the layered states of being that embody fluidity, “browness” and “queerness”. I have authored the work, but it is very much a conversation about presenting and framing the individual. During shoots, an idea is posed and the result is a docu-fiction, located between the verité of Jean Rouch’s Chronique d'un été [Chronicle of a Summer] (1961) and the illusion of realism in highly stylised films such as Lachapelle’s Rize (2005). Thus far, locations have been varied, following each subject at home, in tattoo parlours, in clubs or performing on stage. The plan is to “voice” thoughts so that their bodies speak, rather than via direct conversation to camera, in order to offer a multiplicity of voices, a plural body, where three individuals contribute to a wider monologue that speaks for many experiencing the unknown territory of identity as identities. Just as Rouch and sociologist Edgar Morin question whether or not it is possible to act sincerely in front of a camera. I wish to complicate the framing of the individual through thought, as monologues toy with the conscious fictionalising of self through costume, make-up and the body politic. The sequence in the teaser trailer was shot at Central London bar Sketch, a space very much part of the establishment and thus embodying privilege. I wanted the brown queers to be visible within the stylised pink décor, thereby intentionally playing with the stereotypically gendered colour scheme for girls or women. Under the guidance of expert trans hair and make-up beauty stylist Umber Ghauri, Krishna, Katy and Natasha transform into their chosen identities against the tableaux-vivant of Sketch’s main dining room. As a person of colour and a queer filmmaker, the significance of this project is key to my work both personally and politically

Additional file 1: of Pharmacological interventions for agitation in patients with traumatic brain injury: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist: recommended items to address in a systematic review protocol. (DOCX 116 kb

Additional file 2: of Comparison of sedation strategies for critically ill patients: a protocol for a systematic review incorporating network meta-analyses

Preliminary search strategy. Description: Preliminary search strategy, including all queried databases, search parameters, and key words. (DOCX 118 kb

Additional file 1: of Comparison of sedation strategies for critically ill patients: a protocol for a systematic review incorporating network meta-analyses

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P). Description: PRISMA-P items and their respective line locations within the manuscript. (DOCX 135 kb

Additional file 1: of The influence of corticosteroid treatment on the outcome of influenza A(H1N1pdm09)-related critical illness

Appendix A (Table 5A. Unadjusted Clinical Outcomes among Critically Ill Patients with H1N1pdm09, Table 6A. Baseline Characteristics of Patients Matched by Propensity to Receive Corticosteroids among Critically Ill Patients with H1N1pdm09, Table 6B. Cointerventions Matched by Propensity to Receive Corticosteroids among Critically Ill Patients with H1N1pdm09, Table 6C. Outcome of Patients, Matched by Propensity to Receive Corticosteroids Among Critically Ill Patients with H1N1pdm09, Table 7A: Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Using Adjustment for Baseline and Time-Dependent Between-Group Differences over the 4 Days of ICU Admission and Until Discharge From ICU Among Critically Ill Patients with H1N1pdm09) and Appendix B (Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients with H1N1pdm09 Using Adjustment for Baseline and Time-Dependent Between-Group Differences) and Appendix C (Participating Hospitals) and Appendix D (Case Report Form). (ZIP 94 kb

Additional file 2: of Statistical analysis plan for the Pneumatic CompREssion for PreVENting Venous Thromboembolism (PREVENT) trial: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

SPIRIT 2013 Checklist. (PDF 238 kb