Effect of radial impeller size in the presence and absence of baffles on the copper exchange on zeolite NaX

Effect of hydrodynamics on ion exchange in a batch reactor is still not appropriately studied even though proper mixing parameters may considerably affect the process of solid suspension and its costs. In this work, hydrodynamic conditions generated by straight blade turbine (SBT) impellers on suspension in the batch reactor with and without baffles were investigated. The aim of this work was to analyze influence of impeller diameter and zeolite mass on just suspended impeller speed, (NJS) power consumption, maximum amount of copper exchanged onto zeolite NaX and copper exchange kinetics as well. All experiments were conducted at the same temperature, initial concentration of the copper solution and zeolite particle size. The obtained results showed that just suspended impeller speed decreases as impeller diameter increases in the reactor with and without baffles but this trend is considerably more pronounced in the reactor with baffles. The increase in zeolite mass causes a slight increase of NJS in the both reactor. In the reactor with the baffles this increment became noticeably higher as impeller diameter decrease. Power consumption, at the state of complete zeolite suspension, decreases as impeller diameter increases and its values in the reactor without baffles are considerably lower as well. Kinetics results indicated that the amount of copper ion increases significantly in the initial stage and then gradually until the equilibrium is reached for all hydrodynamics conditions and mass of zeolite examined

Konkurentno uklanjanje teških metala iz binarne otopine

The removal of copper and cobalt ions from binary metal solutions on zeolite NaX by ion exchange process was investigated. Experiments were conducted in unbaffled glass reactor with a Rushton turbine as a stirrer. The dependence of ion exchange kinetics and the amount exchanged were tested using different initial concentrations of metal ions in mixtures. The results obtained indicate that the removal efficiency depends on the initial heavy metal concentrations in binary solutions. Experimental kinetics data were analysed using Ritchie and Weber-Morris models. According to AARD values, the rate in this study was reaction-controlled. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Ispitano je uklanjanje iona bakra i kobalta iz binarnih otopina metala ionskom izmjenom na zeolitu NaX. Eksperimenti su provedeni u staklenom kotlastom reaktoru bez razbijala virova. Kao miješalo upotrijebljena je Rushtonova turbina. Ovisnost kinetike izmjene iona i izmijenjene količine iona metala ispitana je pri različitim početnim koncentracijama iona metala u smjesama. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, učinkovitost uklanjanja iona metala iz otopina ovisi o početnim koncentracijama metala u binarnim otopinama. Kinetički podatci dobiveni eksperimentom analizirani su Ritchievim i Weber-Morrisovim modelom. Prema vrijednostima AARD-a, ukupna brzina procesa u ovoj studiji kontrolirana je reakcijom. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

FNA based diagnosis of head and neck nodal lymphoma [Citomorfološka dijagnoza limfoma u području glave i vrata]

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy has become a well established technique in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of patients with head and neck lesions. As in lymphoma diagnostics, FNA serves as a screening method in evaluating potentially affected lymph node for open or core biopsy. According to the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms, today it is important to recognize cell morphology and reveal its phenotype, then combine it with different genotypic information and clinical data to provide appropriate therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of FNA and immunocytochemistry based lymphoma diagnostic in head and neck region. We conducted a retrospective study during a period of three years where cases with either FNA diagnosis or clinical suspicion of newly recognized or relapsing lymphoma were reviewed. In the study were included patients that were referred to our laboratory from hematology department, in whom head and neck lymphadenopathia was found and lymph node FNA preceded other procedures. Two hundred eighty-five aspirations from 248 patients fulfilled study criteria. Adequate specimens were diagnosed as lymphoma in 100 cases (36%), in 65 male and 35 female patients, 76 in patients with newly discovered disease and 24 in patients with prior lymphoma diagnosis. Overall sensitivity of FNA specimens in the diagnosis of head and neck lymphomas was 90%, specificity 88%, predictive value of a positive result 97%, and predictive value of negative result 61%. Based on our results FNA corroborated with immunophenotyping by immunocytochemistry can be method of choice in primary lymphoma diagnosis as a method complementary to histopathology in lymphoma diagnostics

Orofacijalna bol: dijagnostički i terapijski izazovi

The concept of diagnostics and therapy of musculoskeletal and neuropathic diseases of the stomatognathic system, which are the subject of this paper, has been developing for decades. It can be said that in order to avoid misunderstanding, the orofacial pain as a clinical problem, in the narrower sense, involves non-odontogenic and non-malignant causes of orofacial region. In this study, the results of clinical diagnosis of the population of 557 consecutive patients with orofacial pain based on multidisciplinary diagnostics were evaluated. 15.6% of patients have given up on the participation in the study. It has been shown that the patients who dropped out of the study were significantly older (p=0.0411) than those who agreed to participate, but there was no difference in gender ratio (p=0.185) since the proportion of female patients prevailed. In an analysis of 84.4% of patients participating in the study, the elevated anxiety values were established (mean value on STAI 1 was 39.2 and STAI 2 was 41.1) and statistical significance was found in correlation between elevated anxiety and intensity of pain as shown on visual analogue scale on open mouth (p<0.0001). Compared to the age, the statistical significance was for STAI 1 (p=0.0097) but not for STAI 2 (p=0.5599). The most common form of therapy is Michigan stabilization splint: for disc displacement of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in 38.9% of patients and in combination with physiotherapy in 18.7% of patients; for osteoarthritis of TMJ in 28.4% and in combination with physiotherapy in 26.4% of patients. The treatment with anticonvulsant drugs for trigeminal neuralgia predominates in 54.3% of patients, which is combined with acupuncture in 25.7% of patients and only acupuncture in 17.1% of patients. In this study, a multidisciplinary co-operation in initial diagnostics and differential was designed to develop subspecialist knowledge on orofacial pain.Već desetljećima se razvija koncepcija dijagnostike i terapije muskuloskeletalnih i neuropatskih bolesti stomatognatskog sustava, što je predmet ovog članka. Kako bi se izbjegle nedoumice može se reći da orofacijalni bolovi kao klinički problem obuhvaćaju u užem smislu ne-odontogene i ne-maligne uzroke bolova orofacijalne regije. U ovom članku evaluirani su rezultati kliničke dijagnostike populacije od 557 konsekutivnih pacijenata s orofacijalnim bolovima temeljem multidisciplinarne dijagnostike. Od sudjelovanja u studiji odustalo je 15,6% pacijenata. Za pacijente koji su odustali od istraživanja pokazalo se da su bili značajnije stariji (p=0,0411) od onih koji su pristali sudjelovati, ali nije bilo razlike u omjeru spola (p=0,185), jer je prevladavao udio ženskih pacijenata. U analizi 84,4% pacijenata koji su sudjelovali u studiji utvrđene su povišene vrijednosti anksioznosti (prosjek STAI 1 je bio 39,2, a na STAI 2 je bio 41,1), te se je pokazala statistička značajnost u ovisnosti povišene anksioznosti s intenzitetom bolova na vizualno-analognoj skali pri otvorenim ustima (p<0,0001). U odnosu na dob statistička značajnost bilo je za STAI 1 (p=0,0097) ali ne i za STAI 2 (p=0,5599). Najčešći oblik terapije je michiganska stabilizacijska udlaga: za pomak diska temporomandibularnog zgloba (TMZ) kod 38,9% i u kombinaciji s fizioterapijom kod 18,7% pacijenata; za osteoartritis TMZ-a kod 28,4% i u kombinaciji sa fizioterapijom kod 26,4% pacijenata. Za trigeminalnu neuralgiju prevladava kod 54,3% liječenje sa antikonvulzivima, u kombinaciji s akupunkturom 25,7% te samo akupunktura kod 17,1% pacijenata. Multidisciplinarna suradnja u inicijalnoj dijagnostici i diferencijalnoj dijagnostici u ovoj studiji osmišljena je u svrhu razvijanja subspecijalističkog znanja o orofacijalnim bolovima

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Imitating Neoplasm of the Gallbladder Fossa after Cholecystectomy

Extramedullary plasmacytomas are plasma cell tumors that arise outside of the bone marrow. They account for approximately 3% of plasma cell neoplasms and are most frequently located in the head and neck region. Five months after undergoing cholecystectomy, a 69-year-old patient presented with the pain under the right costal margin and a 12 kg weight loss. Computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated irregular, vascular mass in the gallbladder fossa that dents towards the duodenum and the pylorus and lowers caudally to the hepatic flexure. His laboratory tests indicated normocytic anemia and showed elevated sedimentation rate. During operative procedure, a tumorous mass in the gallbladder fossa was found, inseparable of the peritoneum of the hepatoduodenal ligament and the IVb liver segment. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining determined the diagnosis of the plasmacytoma. Total resection of the tumor was achieved and after 24-month follow-up patient showed no signs of local recurrence or dissemination of the disease

Enhancement of stroke recovery by music

The connection of musical sounds and the brain functions is a major challenge of modern neuroscience. It has long been proven that music has a psychological effect on human beings, including induction and modification of cognitive states,moods and emotion. Brain activity,metabolismand blood flow are closely linked. Cognitive activation leads to metabolic changes in specific cortical centres. Consequently, any change in cognitive cortical activity reflects in blood flow velocity. This is especially important in patients recovering from stroke. At present stroke is a frequent, serious, and hindering global health-care problem, and rehabilitation is amajor part of patient care. Thus any improvement in blood flowthrough the brain during rehabilitation period is amajor contribution in stroke recovery. The recent studies show that rehabilitation in well coordinated multidisciplinary stroke units proved to be more successful in the recovery of stroke patients. One of the possible attributing factors to the improvement of stroke rehabilitation could be incorporation of music listening in the therapy. Furthermore the studies show that music stimulation increases blood flow in patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke enhancing the post-stroke recovery and can therefore be a helpful tool in neurorehabilitation