Control of one-dimensional cursor movement by noninvasive brain-computer interface in humans

Noninvasive brain-computer interface (BCI), using electroencephalogram (EEG) that records from scalp, could provide a new non-muscular channel for sending messages and command to the external world. The objectives of this study are to determine parameters that will drive cursor in BCI using noninvasive EEG signal and to control one dimensional cursor movement using the extracted parameters. This experimental-based study involved six normal subjects aged from 20 to 26 years old. Subjects were asked to perform tasks in two condition i.e. control condition and task condition. In the control condition, subjects were required to relax (resting) and fix their eyes on the centre of the screen without image displayed on the screen. In the task condition subjects were tasked to imagine a movement to move the cursor on the screen towards the target. These control and task conditions were repeated four times and each condition lasted for 10 seconds. Using Fast Fourier Transform, data in frequency domain for control and task have been obtained and analyzed in two of time interval of 1024 ms and 512 ms. Frequency is divided into six groups, i.e. delta band (0-4 Hz), theta band (4-7 Hz), alpha band (8-13 Hz), beta band (13-30 Hz), gamma band (31-50 Hz) and high gamma band (>51 Hz). Each frequency band in all frequencies of the task condition has been compared to the control condition. The present study finds optimum difference in delta frequency band between resting and active imagination at the parietal region. Furthermore, the parietal region is associated with sensory interaction and could be one of the input regions to control cursor movement. However, it is found that the delta frequency band is only applicable to a specific one-dimensional cursor movement as any imagination may produce the same results. Nevertheless, this study provides a platform for a more advance two-dimensional cursor movement study

Moving one dimensional cursor using extracted parameter from brain signals

This study focuses on developing a method to determine parameters to control cursor movement using noninvasive brain signals, or electroencephalogram (EEG) for brain-computer interface (BCI). Two conditions were applied i.e. Control condition where subjects relax (resting state); and Task condition where subjects imagine a movement. In both conditions, EEG signals were recorded from 19 scalp locations. In Task condition, subjects were asked to imagine a movement to move the cursor on the screen towards target position. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was used to analyze the recorded EEG signals. To obtain maximum speed and accuracy, EEG data were divided into various interval and difference in power values between Task and Control conditions were calculated. As conclusion, the present study suggests that difference in delta frequency band between resting and active imagination may be use to control one dimensional cursor movement with parietal region produces the optimum output

Moving one dimensional cursor using extracted parameter

This study focuses on developing a method to determine parameters to control cursor movement using noninvasive brain signals, or electroencephalogram (EEG) for brain-computer interface (BCI). Two conditions were applied i.e. Control condition where subjects relax (resting state); and Task condition where subjects imagine a movement. In both conditions, EEG signals were recorded from 19 scalp locations. In Task condition, subjects were asked to imagine a movement to move the cursor on the screen towards target position. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was used to analyze the recorded EEG signals. To obtain maximum speed and accuracy, EEG data were divided into various interval and difference in power values between Task and Control conditions were calculated. As conclusion, the present study suggests that difference in delta frequency band between resting and active imagination may be use to control one dimensional cursor movement with parietal region produces the optimum output

Modeling information pathway of motor control using coherence analysis

Motor behavior can be guided by visual information. For example, hand actions were modified by visual cues that provided initial weight and size estimates of objects. Vision provides important inputs to the representational system which are linked not directly to motor outputs but are linked to cognitive systems. The visual and voluntary motor tasks are controlled by the brain signals which drive the cortical activity and perception. But the cortical activity are not driven by these external stimulus alone, relatively sensory information need to be integrated with various internal constraints such as planned actions, expectations, recent memories, etc. This paper presents C 3-EEG coherence analysis during two different visual tasks concurrent with isometric contraction of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. The functional connection between different brain regions was investigated to model information pathway of motor control in humans

The Effect Of Cryogenic Cooling On Surface Roughness Of Titanium Alloy: A Review

Titanium alloy is a unique material that can maintain its high strength–weight ratio during elevated temperatures. It is one of the important metal parts of the engine components and aircraft structural. Surface roughness is one of the important parameters used in evaluating the quality of finish machined surfaces because of these parts of components in aerospace industry are manufactured to reach high consistency level. To improve the surface roughness of the work materials, the use of coolant in manufacturing operations such as turning process must be considered properly. The application of cryogenic coolant in machining process was analyzed in details in this review. The study was based on the application methods in machining operations which is the turning process on titanium alloy and the condition of work materials by looking at surface roughness values when using the coolant. The findings showed the most constructive method for machining operations was cryogenic cooling. This is because of its capability in producing better surface finishes by reducing the cutting temperature during machining operation, subsequently, enhancing the quality and function of the products or components