Kashmir: From AK-47 To Stone Pelting Changing trends in freedom movement of Kashmir

The beautiful valley of Kashmir in contemporary times draw news, headlines very frequently for militancy related violence and civil unrest. In this article an attempt has been made to show why insurgency erupted in early 1990s and the many changes taking place in the political canvas, civilian protest mostly of educated youth preferred non violent methods. Keywords: Accession, AK-47, mingled nature, insurgency, outsiders, violence.

Indo-Iran Relations: Challenges and Constraints

India and Iran share long-lasting legacies of cultural, linguistic and religious links for centuries. Relations between them have been deepening with respect to the most issues, especially security, energy and transportation .The relations between the two have seen twists and turns in history where they have been close at times and share common interests. Iran holds a particular importance for India as it provides unique access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, but at the same time there are several constraints that restrict India’s reach into Iran. This article examines the key areas on which both countries can cooperate to strength their relations but at the same time, examines the factors that hinder their relationship. Keywords: energy, constraints, GCC, IPI, Securit

Kashmir-The origin of INDO-PAK Conflicts (War, Peace and Dialogue)

This is an attempt to highlight the INDO-PAK Conflicts. There are many disputes between India and Pakistan such as Water dispute over Baghlihar Dam, siachen  Glacier, Smuggling across borders, Migration etc. Apart from these disputes, there are three important issues these two countries face in their bilateral relations: 1. The differences in world views, 2. The problem over Nuclear confrontation and 3. The dispute over Kashmir The dispute over Kashmir had a major impact on both the countries-INDIA and PAKISTAN. Several times both the countries fought many wars .If this core issue is solved there will be peace and stability in the region. Keywords: Kashmir, Indo-Pak, War, Conflicts, Plebiscite

Indo- Iran relations (evolving ties from 1990-2005)

India and Iran -the great civilisations of the world had close historical and cultural ties. With the changing trends in the international politics which somehow leads towards the change in national interest had sometimes effected the relations between the two countries. However both New Delhi and Tehran are striving to maintain good and friendly relation among them to achieve their interests of national importance

The Bleeding and Burning Kashmir: Violence, Terrorism and Freedom Struggle

Efforts have been made to discuss various issues which Kashmir Valley had faced in the past six decades –Violence, Terrorism, Aggression and Bloodshed. Political conflict in the valley have marked a high degree of militarization and the presence of herse laws giving special powers to military forces makes Kashmiri people victims of violence. This article puts a view that how India and Mainstream parties of Jammu and Kashmir had and are trying to suppress the slogans and voices Kashmiri people and Separatists that are demanding nothing but Freedom. Keywords: Freedom, Jamat-I –islami, Kashmiri pundits, Ragdo Ragdo, Violence etc

RIT1 GTPase Regulates Sox2 Transcriptional Activity and Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Adult neurogenesis, the process of generating mature neurons from neuronal progenitor cells, makes critical contributions to neural circuitry and brain function in both healthy and disease states. Neurogenesis is a highly regulated process in which diverse environmental and physiological stimuli are relayed to resident neural stem cell populations to control the transcription of genes involved in self-renewal and differentiation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing neurogenesis is necessary for the development of translational strategies to harness this process for neuronal repair. Here we report that the Ras-related GTPase RIT1 serves to control the sequential proliferation and differentiation of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells, with in vivo expression of active RIT1 driving robust adult neurogenesis. Gene expression profiling analysis demonstrates increased expression of a specific set of transcription factors known to govern adult neurogenesis in response to active RIT1 expression in the hippocampus, including sex-determining region Y-related HMG box 2 (Sox2), a well established regulator of stem cell self-renewal and neurogenesis. In adult hippocampal neuronal precursor cells, RIT1 controls an Akt-dependent signaling cascade, resulting in the stabilization and transcriptional activation of phosphorylated Sox2. This study supports a role for RIT1 in relaying niche-derived signals to neural/stem progenitor cells to control transcription of genes involved in self-renewal and differentiation

Exploring satisfaction and outcomes in rhinoplasty: experience from a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir valley, India

Background: Augmentation rhinoplasty is a popular yet challenging procedure that aims to improve both the nasal appearance and quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction and outcome after augmentation rhinoplasty at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir valley. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir valley among patients who underwent the procedure using autologous cartilage grafts at the ENT department from October 2021 to December 2021. The sample size was 56. The patients age, gender, pre-operative findings, surgical techniques, post-operative outcomes, complications, and corrective interventions were recorded. The rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire was used to evaluate the patients' pre and post-operative status, with outcome assessed three months after surgery. Results: The present study included 56 patients which comprised of 39 (69.64%) males. The mean age of patients was 41±9.6 years. The indication for surgery was a mix of aesthetic and functional reasons in 56% subjects with 78% undergoing a primary surgery. The mean pre-operative score on the ROE questionnaire was 9.21±0.8 which improved to a mean score of 19.56±1.1 at three months after surgery. Overall 75% (42/56) patients reported a post operative ROE score of ≥80%. There was a significant improvement in all domains assessed by the ROE questionnaire, including appearance and function. Conclusions: Augmentation rhinoplasty can provide satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes for patients with nose deformities with consistent improvement across all domains related to aesthetics and functionality

Quantum Thermodynamics of an α′\alpha^{\prime}-Corrected Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Hole

In this paper, we will analyze the effects of $\alpha^{\prime}$ corrections on the behavior of a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole. We will calculate the effects of such corrections on the thermodynamics and thermodynamic stability of such a black hole. We will also derived a novel $\alpha^{\prime}$-corrected first law. We will investigate the effect of such corrections on the Parikh-Wilczek formalism. This will be done using cross entropy and Kullback-Leibler divergence between the original probability distribution and the $\alpha^{\prime}$-corrected probability distribution. We will then analyze the non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics of this black hole. It will be observed that its quantum thermodynamics is corrected due to quantum gravitational corrections. We will use Ramsey scheme for emitted particles to calculate the quantum work distribution for this system. The average quantum work will be related to the difference of $\alpha^{\prime}$-corrected free energies using the Jarzynski equality