Rheological Properties of Polymers: Structure and Morphology of Molten Polymer Blends

The article reviews a brief literature on the rheological properties of polymer melts and blends. Experimental results on polymer blends are summarized. Technically, vital types of multi-phase polymers such as compounds and blends are discussed. The importance of the rheological properties of polymer mixtures in the development of the phase structure is discussed. And the importance of considering the stress and/or strain history of a material sample in a rheological investigation is discussed. Finally, the outlook on the past, present and future developments in the field of polymer rheology are given. The review concludes with a brief discussion on the opportunities and challenges in the field of polymer blends and blend rheology

Modeling and Simulation of Hydrogen Storage Device for Fuel Cell Plant

The article reviews a brief literature on the modeling of hydrogen storage device for fuel cell. Different dimensional approaches in modeling hydrogen absorption/desorption in a metal hydride reactor for use in fuel cell are summarized. Mathematical modeling equations involved are also stated. The effect of various operating parameters such as temperature, concentration, viscosity, thermal conductivity and time on the gas is also verified. The importance of various simulation software with reference to their major functions is also identified. The review concludes on the opportunities and challenges with the use of hydrogen as an alternative renewable energ

Influence of Operation Parameters on Metal Deposition in Bright Nickel-plating Process

Bright nickel deposits were electrolytically applied on steel in the nickel Watts bath. The effect of some operational parameters on metal deposition in bright nickel plating was investigated. The investigation indicated that the weight of bright nickel deposited on metal during the process of electroplating was affected by plating temperature, voltage, current density, plating bath pH and plating time. The study established that the deposition of best bright nickel was obtained at a plating temperature of 56 oC, current density of 6 A/dm2 and plating time of 18 minutes. Brightener is used in applications requiring outstanding appearance with minimum thickness of applied nickel plating. It can also be used for heavy deposit applications because it exhibits unparalleled ductility and low stress. Brightener was used in this study to determine the best nickel plating in the process. Boric acid was added for fixing the bath pH. The compositions of the brightener and nickel solution used are included in the tex

Determination of Optimum Conditions for the Production of Activated Carbon Derived from Separate Varieties of Coconut Shells

Activated carbons were produced from coconut shells of tall and dwarf tree varieties.The activated carbon from the tall tree variety was initially synthesized using 1Mconcentration of each of ZnCl2, H3PO4, and KOHsolutions. From the adsorptive tests conducted using methylene blue solution, the activated carbon produced with H3PO4 gave the best absorbance and adsorptive performance. Coconut shells of dwarf tree variety were then obtained and treated with same mass of coconut shells of the tall tree variety using varied concentrations of the acid in order to determine whether the optimum concentration and temperature for producing carbon black fromthe coconut shells are distinct or similar for both varieties.Theprocess was alsomodelled using the Differential Response Method (DRM) in order to determine the yields and adsorptive performances of the activated carbons by varying the carbonization temperature and concentration. The results from experiment and the developed mathematical model were both found to be in agreement giving the optimum concentration of phosphoric acid and pH for producing activated carbon to be 0.67M and 2.07 for the tall tree variety and 1M and 1.98 for the dwarf variety at optimum temperatures in the range of 450–575∘C and 575∘C, respectivel

Determination of Optimum Conditions for the Production of Activated Carbon Derived from Separate Varieties of Coconut Shells

Activated carbons were produced from coconut shells of tall and dwarf tree varieties. The activated carbon from the tall tree variety was initially synthesized using 1 M concentration of each of ZnCl2, H3PO4, and KOH solutions. From the adsorptive tests conducted using methylene blue solution, the activated carbon produced with H3PO4 gave the best absorbance and adsorptive performance. Coconut shells of dwarf tree variety were then obtained and treated with same mass of coconut shells of the tall tree variety using varied concentrations of the acid in order to determine whether the optimum concentration and temperature for producing carbon black from the coconut shells are distinct or similar for both varieties. The process was also modelled using the Differential Response Method (DRM) in order to determine the yields and adsorptive performances of the activated carbons by varying the carbonization temperature and concentration. The results from experiment and the developed mathematical model were both found to be in agreement giving the optimum concentration of phosphoric acid and pH for producing activated carbon to be 0.67 M and 2.07 for the tall tree variety and 1 M and 1.98 for the dwarf variety at optimum temperatures in the range of 450–575°C and 575°C, respectively

Sustainable utilization of value-added products from the catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis of motor car scrap tire: suitability of produced char for energy generation and sugar mill wastewater treatment

Please read abstract in the article.Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.https://www.elsevier.com/locate/sciafhj2024Chemical EngineeringSDG-07:Affordable and clean energySDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructur

A Review on Corrosion in Concrete Structure: Inhibiting Admixtures and Their Compatibility in Concrete

The development in marine industry and its effort in building bridges has placed a huge demand on reliability and duration of service of reinforcing steel in concrete. Literature has documented several studies on corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete induced via carbonation and chloride in marine milieus. Extension of concrete structures service life has been one of the foremost strong worries of the concrete industry, especially for marine industry. Hence, the necessity to employ a cost effect system for shielding the reinforced steel in concrete from corrosion. Studies have shown that one prospective solution in combating corrosion deterioration in reinforced steel in concrete structures is the introduction of corrosion-inhibiting admixtures into concrete. This review discussed at length corrosion in reinforced concrete and corrosion inhibitors in relation to concrete together with the classification of inhibitors based on the method of applications. This review further reports corrosion-inhibiting admixtures in concrete. As a result, the aspects of corrosion inhibitors this manuscript reviewed are corrosion inhibitors employed as admixtures in concrete for new construction in the marine industry. Furthermore, corrosion inhibitors are employed for repairs and maintenances admixed with concrete for patches on marine structures, squirted onto the surface of the concrete or put on the concrete surface via saturation treatment. As a result of the excellent properties of functional nanostructured materials, the advancement in the implementation of functional materials in inhibiting admixtures in concrete is fast growing in marine industry. Hence, the Integration of functional materials in inhibiting admixture and their compatibility were reviewed. The significance of inhibitors employed as admixtures in concrete for practical applications of corrosion are the suppression or mitigation of corrosion process of metals used in marine industry and the patches of already constructed structures. The current problems related to corrosion-inhibiting admixtures in concrete and the future research and development directions were discussed

Surface roughness of ternary blends: Polypropylene/chitosan/sisal fiber membranes

The rough morphological structure of ternary blend composite membranes was studied. The surface roughness of the composites were analysed. Recurrent topographies and the reliance of length-scale on rough surfaces were established in the analysis done by scanning probe electron microscopy. The membranes with increasing amount of sisal fibre exhibited higher roughness surface. � 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync- nd/4.0) Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference & Exposition on Mechanical, Material and Manufacturing Technolog

Evaluation of chitosan/sisal fiber/polyethylene membranes

Composites of ternary blend of chitosan/sisal fiber/high density polyethylene, were prepared by using the Rheomixer, followed by hot press, in order to form dense microfiltration membranes. The effective operation of the membranes was tested via the utilization of distilled water. The structural arrangement of the membranes was examined with the aid of using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical structure and phase identification of the membranes were examined using attenuation total reflectioninfrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The water permeability of the composite membranes is dependent on how rough the surface is, the sizes of pores and the membrane porosity. The membranes with highest amount of sisal fiber, gave highest flux of 1.4 m3/m2/h

A Short Overview on the Role of Nanotechnology in Different Sectors of Energy System

Globally, with respect to the advancement in technologies developed in the energy sector, a good comprehension of the economic situation is the real challenge to having sustainable energy. Though technologies are available, they are usually very expensive or not adequately recognized by the industrial players. Sustainability of the advancement in energy development has globally gained great attention. Nanotechnologies make available a very good prospect of improving the efficiency of energy across all sectors of industry in a sustainable way. These technologies economically influence renewable energy production by using novel technological approaches and enhanced production technologies. The advances of nanotechnology may perhaps influence every part of the value-added chain in the energy sector. Therefore, employing nanomaterials in technologies for energy system sustainability will remain a significant field of academic and researcher, even at the commercial level. In this review, the role of nanotechnology for four sustainable sources of energy together with energy distribution and also for different energy usage was discussed. Hence, this review looked at the possible prospect of utilizing nanoscale materials, such as nanoparticles and nanofluids, to stimulate sustainable developments and practices for energy systems