A Controversial Role for IL-12 in Immune Response and Bone Resorption at Apical Periodontal Sites

Periapical lesions are inflammatory conditions of tooth periapical tissues, triggered by dental pulp infection and characterized by exudation of immune cells to the affected tissues and production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. The inflammatory periapical reaction is mainly driven by Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses, and such polarization may modulate progression of the disease and expression of bone proresorptive cytokines. IL-12 is a potent inducer of IFN-γ production, which stimulates Th1 effector cells. Many evidences have shown a positive correlation between the bone resorptive cytokine IL-1β and the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ. Furthermore, IL-12 may have a potential role in the release of bone resorptive mediators and blockade of Th2 cytokines, affecting the progression of periapical bone loss. Nevertheless, IL-12 and IFN-γ have also been described as suppressors of osteoclast differentiation and activation, favoring bone maintenance. This paper focuses on the controversial roles of IL-12 in periapical lesions

ANÁLISE DOS FOCOS DE QUEIMADAS E SEUS IMPACTOS NO MARANHÃO DURANTE EVENTOS DE ESTIAGEM NO PERÍODO DE 1988 A 2016

O Maranhão é um estado que se localiza entre o bioma amazônico e o semiárido nordestino e devido sua posição geográfica recebe influência desses dois biomas, dando ênfase as áreas secas do semiárido nordestino é possível observar a grande vulnerabilidade do estado aos focos de calor, correspondente aos fatores climatológicos predominantes desta região.O objetivo do presente artigo é evidenciar a vulnerabilidade do Maranhão a focos de queimadas decorrentes de eventos de secas/estiagem no período de 1998 a 2016. O procedimento metodológico adotado consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica e de busca de dados/informações em instituições que atuam direta e/ou indiretamente com a temática. Os resultados obtidos demonstram dois grandes setores diretamente afetados pela vulnerabilidade do estado aos focos de calor, no âmbito dos impactos socioambientais temos como consequência uma grande perda da biodiversidade, e tendo o mês de agosto de 2012 como o mês de maior índice de focos de calor totalizando 10.392 focos registrados, já nos impactos socioeconômicos destacam-se o total de 156 famílias atingidas e 207 municípios em estado de emergência, contabilizandoum total de 1.176.680 pessoas que foram direta ou indiretamente afetadas.Os impactos da seca no Maranhão são de natureza de dificuldade de acesso à água, perdas na agropecuária, perdas de bens matérias, risco à vida humana e perdas de biodiversidade nos biomas e ecossistemas maranhenses. Um impacto que merece destaque são os focos de calor, uma vez que os dados e pesquisas existentes indicam que sua ocorrência é modulada por eventos de secas.

CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO NEDDIJ PARA A FORMAÇÃO DA REDE DE ENFRENTAMENTO AS VIOLÊNCIAS

O Núcleo de Estudos e Defesa dos Direitos da Infância e Juventude - NEDDIJ é um projeto de extensão que integra o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos, ofertando gratuitamente atendimentos jurídicos e psicológicos a crianças e adolescentes em situação vulnerabilidade social e as suas famílias, bem como atua no eixo preventivo, desenvolvendo ações que visam assegurar a garantia dos direitos inerentes a infância e juventude. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar duas atividades de capacitação realizadas pelo projeto, nos anos de 2018 e 2019, respectivamente, buscando promover a formação continuada e fortalecimento das Redes de Proteção Social de Irati e Inácio Martins. Conclui-se que o encontro entre profissionais e estudantes, possibilitou aos acadêmicos a aproximação com o cotidiano dos serviços a partir das narrativas trazidas pelos trabalhadores, destacando a importância das formações enquanto espaços que possibilitaram a repactuação de ações entre os diferentes serviços que compõem a Rede de Enfrentamento a Violência Contra Crianças e Adolescentes, bem como reafirmando o lugar da universidade enquanto agente de transformação junto a comunidade e a defesa e a garantia de direitos da infância e juventude

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia