Research on Legal Problems regarding Access and Benefit-Sharing of Marine Genetic Resources——Focused on the Patent System

随着有关生物勘探和生物技术的发展，人类发现海洋遗传资源的生物多样性和其带来的潜在价值。因此，利用海洋遗传资源所产生的获取和惠益分享引起了法学界越来越多的关注。在对海洋遗传资源的法律地位和与海洋遗传资源相关活动的界定不明确的情况下，海洋遗传资源和其衍生物的知识产权保护产生了许多问题。尤其是，根据现行有关国际立法，都无法解决在“区域”内遗传资源的利益分享问题，并且各国对此问题都有不同的看法。本文拟对“区域”内遗传资源的法律地位进行分析，并同时研究海洋遗传资源惠益分享的专利制度的作用。 除了引言和结论外，本文分为四章。 第一章首先界定了海洋遗传资源概念和其地域性的特点，并且介绍“区域”内海洋遗传...Development of “Bioprospecting” and “Biotechnology”, human found richness in Marine Genetic Resources(hereinafter MGRs) and its potential value. Access and Benefit-Sharing from using Marine Genetic Resources caused a lot of jurisprudential concerns. Under these circumstances the legal status of MGRs and activities related to MGRs are not clearly defined, the use of MGRs and the protection of the...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_经济法学学号：1292008115364

CONTRIBUTION OF THE KNEE JOINT TO MECHANICAL ENERGY IN CROUCHING START ACCORDING TO THE BACKWARD BLOCK INCLINED ANGLE INCREASE

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of the knee joint to mechanical energy in crouching start according to the backward block inclined angle increase(F, F1, F2). Using kinetic and kinematic data from 3 university sprinters participating in this study we calculated the energies absorbed and generated by the knee joints. The analysis is limited to a two-dimensional (sagittal plane) exercise. Comparing mean values of the energy absorbed and generated from lower extremity joints of each subjects according to backward block inclined angle increase (F, F1, F2). We generate a ratio of a total energy absorbed and generated from lower extremities to one from knee joints. The generated energy of knee joints during start was the highest for all subjects and the absorbed energy of those was the lowest at 55 degree of backward block angle, or F, for subject 1, 50 degree for subject 2, and 50 degree for subject 3

Hyponatremia in a Patient with a Sellar Mass

A 59-year-old man with confused mental status was admitted to our hospital. Laboratory reports showed him to have severe hyponatremia, and additional studies revealed panhypopituitarism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a sellar cystic lesion, which consisted of a Rathke cleft cyst. Thus, the mass effect of the Rathke cleft cyst resulted in panhypopituitarism and finally induced euvolemic hyponatremia. On the basis of these results, supplementation with thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid was started, and the patient's serum sodium level was gradually corrected and maintained within the normal range. Here, we report this case of euvolemic hyponatremia caused by a Rathke cleft cyst

Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin, a representative chemopreventive phytochemical with pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on activation of Nrf2 and expression of its target protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mouse skin in vivo and in cultured murine epidermal cells. Treatment of mouse epidermal JB6 cells with curcumin resulted in the induction of HO-1 expression, and this was abrogated in cells transiently transfected with Nrf2 siRNA. While curcumin treatment increased protein expression of Nrf2, it did not alter the steady-state level of the Nrf2 mRNA transcript. Treatment of cells with curcumin stabilized Nrf2 by inhibiting ubiquitination and subsequent 26S proteasomal degradation of this transcription factor. Tetrahydrocurcumin, a non-electrophilic analogue of curcumin that lacks the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group, failed to induce HO-1 expression as well as nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and its binding to the antioxidant/electrophile response elements. Cells transfected with a mutant Keap1 protein in which cysteine 151 (Cys151) is replaced by serine exhibited marked reduction in curcumin-induced Nrf2 transactivation. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that curcumin binds to Keap1 Cys151, supporting that this amino acid is a critical target for curcumin modification of Keap1, which facilitates the liberation of Nrf2. Thus, it is likely that the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of curcumin is essential for its binding to Keap1 and stabilization of Nrf2 by hampering ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.

The association between lower urinary tract symptoms and depressive symptoms in older Korean adults: a cross-sectional study

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and depressive symptoms in Korean adults aged 60 and above. We prospectively collected data from 524 older adults (68.7% male, 31.3% female) who visited a community center called Bitgoeul Senior Health Town, Gwangju, Korea, between 2021 and 2022. The mean age of the participants was 77.78 ± 5.44 years. All participants completed a set of questionnaires, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ), and Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF). The mean total IPSS score was 8.76 ± 6.10, the mean SMCQ 3.68 ± 2.66, and the mean GDS-SF score 2.75 ± 3.15, respectively. Severe voiding symptoms were more prevalent in older adults with advanced age, insomnia and high SMCQ and GDS-SF scores. Multivariable analyses revealed that IPSS was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = 3.233, p < 0.001). Furthermore, female gender (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–4.07, odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, p = 0.023). Moderate or severe IPSS scores (95% CI: 1.03–2.98, OR = 1.75, p = 0.040) and high SMCQ scores (95% CI: 2.14–6.15, OR = 3.62, p < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for depression in older adults. Our findings indicate a significant association between the severity of subjective voiding symptoms and depressive symptoms in older Korean adults. These results underscore the necessity of assessing and managing LUTS in this demographic, considering patients’ mental health and overall well-being

Delayed Rupture of the Right Sinus of Valsalva into the Right Atrium after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Rupture of the sinus of Valsalva is an extremely rare complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Because it usually results from the retrograde extension of a dissection of the right coronary artery and may quickly spread to involve the entire aorta, it can cause life-threatening complications such as aortic dissection. If the dissection remains localized, it can resolve spontaneously in the first month. Our patient experienced a delayed rupture of the right sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium at approximately 3 months after PCI

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Facet Joint Block

It is surprising that about 24% of patients with benign osteoporotic vertebral fracture die within a year from respiratory infection and urinary tract infection because of coughing and voiding difficulties, depending on the sites of compression fractures. We reviewed 500 patients on whom percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) was performed, at 612 levels in terms of patient selection, operation technique, medication, and clinical outcomes during the follow-up course for 2 yr study period. To confirm the most painful level among the multiple fracture sites, physical examination after facet joint block under the fluoroscope was the most reliable method. The mean total lumbar spine fracture threshold of bone mineral density was 0.81±0.05 g/cm2. The mean changes of numeric rating scale scores, Oswestry Disability Index except sex life, and Karnofsky performance status were -72.00, -83.50 and +60.62% in the osteoporosis group and -51.89, -45.02, and 69.03% in the tumor group. Complications related to the procedure were lateral spinal cord damage, transient paresthesia and transient hypotension. PVP with facet joint block is a profitable method for the vertebral compression fracture because of low risk and short duration of procedure with a high chance to result in pain relief and early mobilization

A multicenter phase II study of everolimus in patients with progressive unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of everolimus in patients with progressive unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). METHODS: Histologically confirmed ACC patients with documented disease progression within 12 months prior to the study entry were eligible. Everolimus was given at a dose of 10 mg daily until progression or occurrence of unacceptable toxicities. The primary endpoint was a 4-month progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 34 patients were enrolled. The 4-month PFS probability was 65.5% (95% one-sided confidence interval [CI], 47.7 to infinity). Median PFS duration was 11.2 months (95% CI, 3.6 to 15.8). Complete or partial response was not achieved. Twenty-seven (79.4%, 95% CI, 63.2 to 89.6) patients showed stable disease (SD). Tumor shrinkage within SD criteria was observed in 15 patients (44.1%) and SD lasting 6 months was observed in 13 patients (38.2%). Four patients had disease progression. Among the 18 patients with both pre- and post-treatment (at 8 weeks) FDG-PET scans available, 8 patients (44.4%) showed a partial metabolic response, defined as a ≥25% reduction in maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax). The most common adverse events were stomatitis, anemia, asthenia, and leukopenia. No unexpected everolimus related toxicities were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Everolimus showed promising efficacy and good tolerability in progressive unresectable ACC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT0115284