Determination of Processing Quality Tests of Full Fat Soybean Extruded at Three Temperatures and Correlation with Growth

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the correlation between growth performance of chicks fed full fat soybean (FFSB) extruded at 145, 155 and o 165 and laboratory quality tests. In biological study, one hundred and forty four d-old male broiler chicks were divided into 12 groups including 3 treatments with 4 replicates of 12 chicks each and fed three diets containing 15 % FFSB extruded at 145, 155 and 165 o C from 0 to 21 d of age. Feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chicks were not affected with increasing FFSB extrusion temperatures during 0-21 d of age. For evaluation the quality tests, the urea activity index (UA) was obtained as 0.11, 0.09 and 0.05 for FFSB extruded at 145, 155 and 165 °C, respectively. The correlation between UA with WG and FCR of chicks were 88 and 85 percent, respectively. The protein solubility in KOH (PSKOH) of FFSB extruded at 145, 155 and 165 °C, were 80.2, 78.1 and 72.4, respectively. The correlation between PSKOH with WG and FCR of chicks were 81and 88 percent, respectively. The protein dispersibility index (PDI) were 21.5, 20.8 and 16.5 for FFSB extruded at 145, 155 and 165 °C, respectively. The correlation of PDI with WG and FCR of chicks were 92 and 89 percent, respectively. It is concluded that the laboratory quality tests of FFSB were extruded at 145, 155 and 165 °C were in optimum range for broiler nutrition. Also the PDI had higher correlation with growth rate of chickens as compared to UA and PSKOH and could be the best quality index for estimating the growth rate of broiler chickens fed EFFSB

Effects of Dietary Extruded Full Fat Soybean (EFFSB) on Performance, Blood Metabolites and Morphology of Intestinal Mucosa of Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary levels of extruded full fat soybean (EFFSB) on performance, blood metabolites and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A batch of FFSB was wet extruded at 155 °C, 15 seconds to provide the extruded full fat soybean (EFFSB) sample. One hundred and forty four d-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided into 12 groups with 12 birds each and assigned to starter, grower and finisher diets each containing 0, 7.5 and 15 % of EFFSB. Feed intake of chicks fed diet containing 15% EFFSB, were significantly reduced as compared to those fed the control diet during 1-14 d of age, but were not influenced during grower, finisher and the whole experimental period. A significant linear decrease was observed in weight gain of birds during whole period. Relative weight of pancreas, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase (CK) in blood serum of chicks were not influenced with dietary EFFSB level. A significant linear decrease was observed in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol with increasing in dietary levels of EFFSB at 42 d of age. The villi length decreased linearly with increasing dietary levels of EFFSB in duodenum section of small intestine, causing a significant decrease in villi surface area in duodenum of birds fed 15% EFFSB diet as comparing to control birds, the crypt depth and villus length/ crypt depth were changed. The morphological measurements of small intestine mucosa in jejunum and ileum sections were not significantly influenced by dietary EFFSB at 42 d chickens. It is concluded that using full fat soybean extruded at 155 °C up to 15 % of diet did not influence significantly performance of chickens during whole period, although the villi length and villi surface area decreased in duodenum of birds with increase in the usage of EFFSB

Prediction of True Metabolizable Energy (TMEn) of Broilers Compounded Starter Feeds

An experiment was conducted to predict the true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of compounded starter feeds of broiler chickens trough their chemical composition using precision-feeding method of Sibbald in male boilers. In the first, eight compounded feed samples provided from eight feed plants and their chemical composition determined in laboratory. Results of chemical composition showed that average values of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, crude fiber, calcium and phosphorus were 90.47, 20.99, 2.79, 2.88, 6.69, 1.08 and 0.49 percent, respectively with coefficient of variation between 2.01 to 13.29 percent. The average value of TMEn in compounded starter feeds was also obtained 3006 Kcal/kg with variation from 2884 to 3275 Kcal/kg and differences between them were significant. The variation between metabolizability values in the compounded feeds was 0.7 to 0.8 percent and differences between their values were not significant. The average value of dry matter true metabolizability in starter feeds was obtained as 54 percent and those having higher crude fiber, showed lower dry matter true metabolizability. The TME and TMEn values of compounded starter feeds showed a negative correlation as 0.38 and 0.59 percent with crude ash of feeds, so that the feeds containing higher crude ash had lower TME and TMEn values. Regression analysis showed that we can predict the TMEn value of broiler compounded starter feeds via regression equations from crude ash, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus contents of feeds from their crude ash, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus with R2 value as 0.67 (P=0.002)