1 research outputs found
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅: ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
The article addresses a variety of approaches to compiling indicators for development of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) sector in Russia and some developed economies and developing economies. A point of emphasis is various identification criteria for SME attributed to objective institutional characteristics of the countries, differences in economic structure, and objectives of government policy. The study aims at comparing SME sector development levels in Russia and other countries to identify best practices and pinpoint target settings (lay down guidelines) for entrepreneurship policymaking. The article discusses the criteria used in different countries to define small and medium-sized enterprises. It outlines key challenges related to using cross-cutting criteria developed by international organizations. The paper suggests adjustments to defining the role of the SME sector in the Russian economy. Β The authors reveal differences between the way international organizations and Russian official statistics present and report statistics; this concerns the coverage of subjects of statistical observation that are defined as small and medium-sized enterprises. International comparisons refer to the small and medium-sized enterprises in the business sector (that is, without the banking sector and the public sector), while in Russia they usually refer to official statistics for the entire economy. Β According to the authors, when using the valid approach, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian economy is comparable with the corresponding values for the large countries with capital-intensive industries. Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in Russia differs from that in developed countries in the ratio of private and public sectors, the export potential of small firms, the prevalence of technology startups and the ratio of open and shadow economic activities. The article emphasizes the importance of analyzing the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy when making management decisions of a strategic nature. The SME sector performs many important socio-economic functions, including job creation and employment, the contribution to value-added production and exports, economic growth and increased competitiveness of the economy, personalized customer satisfaction, the creation of new industries and economic diversification.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠ‘Π) Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½. ΠΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΒΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. Β ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
; Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ; ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΒΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ‘Π Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄., Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. Β ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ‘Π ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Β Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π‘Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ‘Π Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΒΠΏΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ.