6,779 research outputs found
Statistical tests for evaluating an earthquake prediction method
The impact of including postcursors in the null hypothesis test is discussed.
Unequal prediction probabilities can be included in the null hypothesis test
using a generalization of the central limit theorem. A test for determining the
enhancement factor over random chance is given. The seismic earthquake signal
may preferentially precede earthquakes even if the VAN methodology fails to
forecast the earthquakes. We formulate a statistical test for this possibility
Optimal Data-based Kernel Estimation of Evolutionary Spectra
Complex demodulation of evolutionary spectra is formulated as a
two-dimensional kernel smoother in the time-frequency domain. In the first
stage, a tapered Fourier transform, , is calculated. Second, the
log-spectral estimate, , is
smoothed. As the characteristic widths of the kernel smoother increase, the
bias from temporal and frequency averaging increases while the variance
decreases. The demodulation parameters, such as the order, length, and
bandwidth of spectral taper and the kernel smoother, are determined by
minimizing the expected error. For well-resolved evolutionary spectra, the
optimal taper length is a small fraction of the optimal kernel half-width. The
optimal frequency bandwidth, , for the spectral window scales as , where is the characteristic time, and
is the characteristic frequency scale-length. In contrast, the
optimal half-widths for the second stage kernel smoother scales as , where is the order of the kernel
smoother. The ratio of the optimal frequency half-width to the optimal time
half-width satisfies . Since the expected loss depends on the unknown evolutionary spectra,
we initially estimate and
using a higher order kernel smoothers, and then substitute the estimated
derivatives into the expected loss criteria
Improved Asymptotics for Zeros of Kernel Estimates via a Reformulation of the Leadbetter-Cryer Integral
The expected number of false inflection points of kernel smoothers is
evaluated. To obtain the small noise limit, we use a reformulation of the
Leadbetter-Cryer integral for the expected number of zero crossings of a
differentiable Gaussian process
Optimal Estimation of Dynamically Evolving Diffusivities
The augmented, iterated Kalman smoother is applied to system identification
for inverse problems in evolutionary differential equations. In the augmented
smoother, the unknown, time-dependent coefficients are included in the state
vector, and have a stochastic component. At each step in the iteration, the
estimate of the time evolution of the coefficients is linear. We update the
slowly varying mean temperature and conductivity by averaging the estimates of
the Kalman smoother. Applications include the estimation of anomalous diffusion
coefficients in turbulent fluids and the plasma rotation velocity in plasma
tomography
Piecewise Convex Function Estimation: Representations, Duality and Model Selection
We consider spline estimates which preserve prescribed piecewise convex
properties of the unknown function. A robust version of the penalized
likelihood is given and shown to correspond to a variable halfwidth kernel
smoother where the halfwidth adaptively decreases in regions of rapid change of
the unknown function. When the convexity change points are prescribed, we
derive representation results and smoothness properties of the estimates. A
dual formulation is given which reduces the estimate is reduced to a finite
dimensional convex optimization in the dual space
Piecewise Convex Function Estimation and Model Selection
Given noisy data, function estimation is considered when the unknown function
is known apriori to consist of a small number of regions where the function is
either convex or concave. When the regions are known apriori, the estimate is
reduced to a finite dimensional convex optimization in the dual space. When the
number of regions is unknown, the model selection problem is to determine the
number of convexity change points. We use a pilot estimator based on the
expected number of false inflection points.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1803.0390
A Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury Identity for Rank Augmenting Matrices with Application to Centering
Matrices of the form are considered where is a
matrix and is a nonsingular matrix, . Let the
columns of be in the column space of and the columns of
be orthogonal to . Similarly, let the columns of
be in the column space of and the columns of be
orthogonal to . An explicit expression for the inverse is given,
provided that has rank . %and and
have the same column space. An application to centering covariance
matrices about the mean is given.Comment: Better in Mathematics, Spectral Theory, General, or Numerical
Analysi
Dimensionally Correct Power Law Scaling Expressions for L-mode Confinement
Confinement scalings of divertor and radiofrequency heated discharges are
shown to differ significantly from the standard neutral beam heated limiter
scaling. The random coefficient two stage regression algorithm is applied to a
neutral beam heated limiter subset of the ITER L mode database as well as a
combined dataset. We find a scaling similar to Goldston scaling for the NB
limiter dataset and a scaling similar to ITER89P for the combined dataset.
Various missing value algorithms are examined for the missing scalings.
We assume that global confinement can be approximately described a power law
scaling. After the second stage, the constraint of collisional Maxwell Vlasov
similarity is tested and imposed. When the constraint of collisional Maxwell
Vlasov similarity is imposed, the C.I.T. uncertainty is significantly reduced
while the I.T.E.R. uncertainty is slightly reduced
Random Coefficient H-mode Confinement Scalings
The random coefficient two-stage regression algorithm with the collisional
Maxwell-Vlasov constraint is applied to the ITER H-mode confinement database.
The data violate the collisional Maxwell-Vlasov constraint at the 10-30%
significance level, probably owing to radiation losses. The dimensionally
constrained scaling, , is similar to
ITER89P with a slightly stronger size dependence
Adaptive Smoothing of the Log-Spectrum with Multiple Tapering
A hybrid estimator of the log-spectral density of a stationary time series is
proposed. First, a multiple taper estimate is performed, followed by kernel
smoothing the log-multiple taper estimate. This procedure reduces the expected
mean square error by over simply smoothing the log tapered
periodogram. A data adaptive implementation of a variable bandwidth kernel
smoother is given
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