Auto-focus algorithm based on maximum gradient and threshold

So as to conquer the disservices of the conventional auto-focus algorithm which are poor in real time performance, feeble in anti-noise capability and powerless against the impact of contrast and background pixels, here an auto-focus algorithm focused around greatest gradient and threshold is proposed. It presents an edge component and takes another sort of versatile threshold to evacuate the pixels sullied by noise and background in the picture, then uses enhanced Sobel operators to concentrate maximum gray gradient after picture pre processing and figures assessment esteem. The trial results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has great continuous-execution, solid unimodality, high sensitivity and strong anti-noise capability. What's more, the algorithm is less impacted by contrast and background in the picture. It can additionally control the sensitivity and focusing reach of the focusing function. So the proposed algorithm is most suitable for auto focu

Spontaneous breaking of time reversal symmetry in strongly interacting two dimensional electron layers in silicon and germanium

We report experimental evidence of a remarkable spontaneous time reversal symmetry breaking in two dimensional electron systems formed by atomically confined doping of phosphorus (P) atoms inside bulk crystalline silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge). Weak localization corrections to the conductivity and the universal conductance fluctuations were both found to decrease rapidly with decreasing doping in the Si:P and Ge:P $\delta-$layers, suggesting an effect driven by Coulomb interactions. In-plane magnetotransport measurements indicate the presence of intrinsic local spin fluctuations at low doping, providing a microscopic mechanism for spontaneous lifting of the time reversal symmetry. Our experiments suggest the emergence of a new many-body quantum state when two dimensional electrons are confined to narrow half-filled impurity bands

Anomalous in-plane magneto-optical anisotropy of self-assembled quantum dots

We report on a complex nontrivial behavior of the optical anisotropy of quantum dots that is induced by a magnetic field in the plane of the sample. We find that the optical axis either rotates in the opposite direction to that of the magnetic field or remains fixed to a given crystalline direction. A theoretical analysis based on the exciton pseudospin Hamiltonian unambiguously demonstrates that these effects are induced by isotropic and anisotropic contributions to the heavy-hole Zeeman term, respectively. The latter is shown to be compensated by a built-in uniaxial anisotropy in a magnetic field B_c = 0.4 T, resulting in an optical response typical for symmetric quantum dots.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Internal fixation of pediatric shaft femur fractures by titanium elastic nails: clinical and radiological study

Background: Management of diaphyseal femoral fractures in the pediatric age group is challenging. There has been a demand worldwide for operative fixation.Methods: Twelve children (7 boys, five girls) aged 6-16 years with diaphyseal femoral fractures (12 fractures, one in each) was stabilized with titanium elastic nail system (TENS). Patients underwent surgery within a week days of their injury. The results were evaluated using Flynn's Scoring system. Identical two nails were used in each fracture.Results: All 12 patients were available for evaluation and follow-up for a mean duration of 24 months (14-34 months). Radiological union in all cases was seen at a mean duration of 8 weeks. Full weight bearing was possible at a mean duration of 10 weeks (8-12 weeks). The results were excellent in 8 patients (67%) and satisfactory in 4 patients (33%).  Complications that occurred were infection (2 cases), knee joint stiffness (4 cases), angulation <10 degrees (1 case), and shortening less than 10 mm (2 cases). Conclusions: Intramedullary fixation by TENS is an effective, time-tested treatment of fracture of the femur in patients of the 6-16 years age group

Nonadiabatic quantum wave packet dynamics of the H + H<SUB>2</SUB> reaction including the coriolis coupling

The effect of coriolis coupling on the dynamics of H + H2 reaction is examined by calculating the initial state-selected and energy resolved reaction probabilities on the coupled manifold of its degenerate 2p (E') ground electronic state. H3 in this state is prone to the Jahn-Teller (JT) instability and consequently the degeneracy is split upon distortion from its D3h equilibrium geometry. The orbital degeneracy is, however, restored along the D3h symmetry configuration and it results into conical intersections of the two JT split component states. The energetically lower adiabatic component of latter is repulsive, and mainly ('rather solely') drive the H + H2 reaction dynamics. On the otherhand, the upper adiabatic component is of bound type and can only impart non-adiabaticity on the dynamics of lower state. Comparison calculations are therefore also carried out on the uncoupled lower adiabatic sheet to assess the nonadiabatic effect. Exact quantum scattering calculations are performed by a chebyshev polynomial propagator and employing the double many body expansion potential energy surface of the electronic ground state of H3. Reaction probabilities are reported up to a total energy of &#8764;3.0 eV, slightly above the energetic minimum of the seam of conical intersections at &#8764;2.74 eV. Reaction probabilities are calculated up to the total angular momentum, J = 20 and for each value of J, the projection quantum number K is varied from 0 to min (J, Kmax), with Kmax = 4. Probability results are compared and discussed with those obtained without the coriolis coupling