A kedvtelésből tartott nyulak fogászati eredetű és egyéb, következményes vagy párhuzamosan fennálló megbetegedéseinek vizsgálata

Nyulaknál gyakoriak a fogászati rendellenességek. A szerzők célja az volt, hogy adatokat gyűjtsenek a malokklúzióval diagnosztizált nyulakról az Exo-Pet Állatgyógyászati Centrum adatbázisának felhasználásával (n = 150). A nyulak többségénél (n = 114, 76,0%) kizárólag az őrlőfogakat érintő malokklúziót, 36 egyednél (24%) pedig az őrlő- és metszőfogakat is érintő malokklúziót diagnosztizáltak. A legkevésbé a felső 6-os, a legnagyobb mértékben pedig a jobb alsó és felső 2-es őrlőfogak szorultak korrekcióra. Huszonhat nyúlnál alakult ki fogeredetű tályog. A fogászati problémákon túl a legfontosabb kórképek között volt az elhízás (n = 19), az epiphora (n = 14) és az emésztőszervi problémák (n = 10)

Metabolic bone disease in reptiles - Literature review

SUMMARY Based on the literature and own experiences, the authors give a review on the most common disease of reptiles deriving from nutritional and housing failure, the metabolic bone disease. The aetiology and pathology of the disease is described with focus on the role of vitamin D3 and its sources. Clinical signs, diagnostic methods and possible treatments are also shown practically. This disease can be prevented by proper housing and feeding according to the needs of the reptiles the guidelines of prevention are also described

VARIATIONS IN BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL VALUES OF MALE HERMANN’S TORTOISES (TESTUDO HERMANNI)

Hermann’s tortoises (Testudo hermanni) are popular pets. Blood biochemistry is an essential tool for the early diagnosis of the diseases. The objective of the study was to investigate the biological variations in selected blood biochemical values in healthy tortoises through repeated samplings in the same animals. We also aimed to evaluate the values in time-related manner of sampling. Blood samples were taken five times (in two-month intervals) from the dorsal coccygeal vein. Twelve clinically healthy 2,5 year- old male tortoises were housed indoors. For each dataset, the mean, the standard deviation and the 95\% confidence interval of the mean were calculated. Mixed effect linear model was fitted with blood parameters as response variables, samples as fix factors and individuals as random factors. \ud The mean levels and standard deviations are as follows: Ca, 2.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l; ionized Ca, 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/l; P, 1.1 ± 0.3 mmol/l; uric acid, 121.1 ± 56.3 µmol/l; AST, 76.8 ± 42.8 IU/l; sodium, 127.7 ± 4.0 mmol/l; potassium, 4.5 ± 0.6 mmol/l. Except AST, sampling time had significant effect on the parameters. \ud Despite the statistically significant difference between the collected samples, standard deviations were small in all samplings except for the uric acid. Accordingly, the clinical relevance of the sampling seems to be important especially for uric acid. In order to eliminate the possible effects of the time of sampling, repeated measurements are recommended if biochemical parameters are not in the reference intervals

In situ complex adenocarcinoma on the femoral part of the hindlimb in an Asian Leaf Turtle (Cyclemys dentata)

A heterotopic in situ complex adenocarcinoma developing on the hindlimb is reported for the first time from an Asian Leaf Turtle (Cyclemys dentata). The tumour mechanically hampered the movement of the animal. The turtle refused to eat and consequently developed a poor condition. Histopathology of the tumour revealed all characteristics of a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma originating from apocrine gland-like tissue: the irregular, tubular structures varying in size were generally lined by two to four layers of cuboidal to columnar neoplastic epithelial cells. Claudin-5, pancytokeratin, cytokeratin, vimentin, α-SMA and Ki-67 immunohistochemical antibodies were employed for characterising the tumour. The diagnosis was a complex adenocarcinoma originating from apocrine gland-like tissue in a turtle

Radiographic examination of birds’ skull II. - Radiographic anatomy of birds’ skulls

SUMMARY Keeping exotic animals and especially pet birds are getting more and more popular, and on the other hand due to the increased awareness of nature, people are taking several rescued birds to the veterinarians. The authors compared the macroscopical and radioanatomical structures of the skulls of the African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) and the Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica) which are frequently examined in veterinary clinics. The knowledge of these anatomical structures is necessary to identify pathological alterations in clinical relations

Radiographic examination of birds’ skull I. - Techniques of radiodiagnostics and comparative radiography of birds’ skulls

SUMMARY The authors performed radiographic examination on the head of birds, and concluded that general anaesthesia and the use of different restraining instruments is necessary in order to obtain good quality radiographs. Comparing skull radiographs taken in vivo and on museum specimens of the same species they found signifi - cant differences primarily caused by the lack of soft tissues and secondarily by the lack of small bones lost in the course of preparing museum skeleton specimens by the taxidermists. Altogether 777 radiographs of 185 specimens in 128 species belonging to 72 families were taken and analyzed