Biología y control de "Tyrophagus putrescentiae" (Schrank, 1781) (Astigmata : Acaridae), plaga de productos almacenados

Los ácaros astigmáticos constituyen una de las principales plagas de los productos alimenticios almacenados, infestando entre otros alimentos uno de los productos más típicos y valiosos de nuestra gastronomía como es el jamón curado. Dentro de las especies que potencialmente pueden constituirse como plagas Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781) es sin duda la más importante. Se ha estudiado el efecto de la temperatura y la humedad relativa en el desarrollo de los estados inmaduros así como en la reproducción y supervivencia de los adultos. Para ello se han aplicado diversos modelos que predicen la evolución de las poblaciones de este ácaro respecto a los factores considerados, lo que es de gran interés para el control integrado de la plaga. Se ha evaluado la actividad acaricida por fumigación de diferentes monoterpenos componentes de acites esenciales de plantas, obteniéndose las rectas de regresión probit para la respuesta mortalidad vs dosis de aquellos compuestos que resultaron más activos. También se ha determinado el efecto del sexo y el estado de desarrollo en la mortalidad. Cuatro de los monoterpenos ensayados se mostraron muy efectivos en el control de este ácaro. Se ha ensayado el efecto de plaguicidas con mecanismos de acción distintos de los convencionales sobre la supervivencia y el desarrollo de los estados inmaduros y sobre la reproducción de los adultos. Sólo el piriproxifén y el halofenocida mostraron efecto acaricida y este último a su vez a la fecundidad y supervivencia de los adultos. Sin embargo, las elevadas dosis requeridas hacen inviable el uso de estos productos para el control de este ácaro. Finalmente se ha evaluado el efecto de inhibidores de proteasas digestivas y de lecitinas en el desarrollo y supervivencia de los estados de desarrollo de este ácaro, habiéndose obtenido tan sólo ligeros retrasos en el desarrollo para determinados tipos de inhibidores

Reproduction, longevity and life table parameters of Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae) at constant temperatures

Information on the effect of temperature on biological parameters of phytophagous insects is one of the tools in IPM programs, as it allows prediction of risk situations in the field. This work reports the effect of temperature on reproductive parameters and longevity of one of the most important current pests of almond orchards in the Mediterranean basin, the poplar lace bug, Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey) (Hemiptera: Tingidae). The temperatures tested were 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 and 37ºC, always at 60 ± 10% relative humidity and under a L16:D8 photoperiod. Extreme temperatures had an adverse effect on preoviposition period, total fecundity and daily fecundity while increasing values of oviposition period and adults longevity were registered for decreasing temperatures. Male longevity was higher than female longevity, and mortality pattern differed between sexes for all temperatures but 37ºC. The nonlinear Lactin model described accurately the effect of temperature on the intrinsic rate of natural increase of M. unicostata populations and predicted the optimum temperature for population increase at 34.1ºC, at which the population doubling time is 3.6 days. Produced values of lower and upper thresholds for M. unicostata populations were 14.8 and 38.8ºC, respectively. This characterizes the poplar lace bug as a very important pest in the Mediterranean basin, with an increasing potential risk in a global warming scenario

Assessment of Tools for Marker-Assisted Selection in a Marine Commercial Species: Significant Association between MSTN-1 Gene Polymorphism and Growth Traits

Growth is a priority trait from the point of view of genetic improvement. Molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been regarded as useful for marker-assisted selection in complex traits as growth. Polymorphisms have been studied in five candidate genes influencing growth in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): the growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), myostatin (MSTN-1), prolactin (PRL), and somatolactin (SL) genes. Specimens evaluated were from a commercial broodstock comprising 131 breeders (from which 36 males and 44 females contributed to the progeny). In all samples eleven gene fragments, covering more than 13,000 bp, generated by PCR-RFLP, were analyzed; tests were made for significant associations between these markers and growth traits. ANOVA results showed a significant association between MSTN-1 gene polymorphism and growth traits. Pairwise tests revealed several RFLPs in the MSTN-1 gene with significant heterogeneity of genotypes among size groups. PRL and MSTN-1 genes presented linkage disequilibrium. The MSTN-1 gene was mapped in the centromeric region of a medium-size acrocentric chromosome pair

Impact of Postharvest Handling on Preharvest Latent Infections Caused by Monilinia spp. in Nectarines

Latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. in nectarines cause great economic losses since they are not detected and rejected at harvest and can appear at any time post-harvest, even at the consumer’s home. The effect of a pre-cooling chamber, water dump operation, and cold-storage chamber on the activation and/or development of preharvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. on nectarines were studied under different postharvest conditions: (a) cold storage for 0, 1, or 3 d at 4 °C at either 75% relative humidity (RH) or 100% RH before water dumping, (b) water dumping for 10 minutes at 15 °C, and (c) cold storage for 0, 3, or 10 d at 4 °C at either 75% RH or 100% RH after water dumping. These storage conditions were transformed to fungal physiological time. For visualization of the latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., the nectarines were placed in sterile paper bags and frozen at −20 °C for 48 h in order to damage the epidermis. To compare different handling scenarios, the incidence of latent infection was modelled for physiological time description by a modified Gompertz model. The activation and/or development of preharvest natural latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest was mainly related to temperature and incubation time at postharvest. Storing nectarines with any postharvest handling less than 11 days at 4 °C avoids brown rot symptoms and reduced the activation and/or development of pre-harvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., while more cold days caused the exponential phase of latent infection activation and/or development. The Gompertz model employed could be used for predicting the activation and/or development of latent infection caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest conditions and looks at the postharvest life. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effects of post-harvest handling on latent infections in fruit have been studied.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Causas de deserción y estrategias de retención en la formación complementaria virtual del SENA

High Drop-out rates in large-scale open virtual courses has been a subject of debate. In order to improve the quality in virtual training and generate retention strategies, the “Training Execution Team” developed a study that aimed to identify the causes of desertion in short virtual courses at the National Learning Service - SENA. Through a descriptive methodology, it has been gathered quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 20903 drop-out apprentices from short courses conducted in 2020. Data was collected through two different instruments, that were elaborated after literature review on desertion in Massive Open Online Courses and adjusted based on the training particularities at SENA. A discussion of the study results was carried out, by correlating findings of previous virtual complementary training courses and the analysis of former studies within open large-scale virtual training. With the analysis it was identified that the behavior of the population of the short courses of the SENA varies significantly concerning the findings of previous studies on the Open, Massive and Online courses; thus, the causes of desertion in the entity respond to the particularities of this population. Finally, retention strategies are oriented, according to the causes identified in the study.La deserción en cursos virtuales, masivos y abiertos es tema de debate por la alta tasa de abandono de la formación. Con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la educación virtual y generar estrategias de retención, el equipo de Ejecución de la Formación desarrolló un estudio para identificar las causas de deserción en los cursos cortos virtuales del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Partiendo de una metodología descriptiva, se obtuvieron datos de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo de una muestra de 20.903 aprendices que no se certificaron en el curso corto matriculado en el 2020. La recolección de información se realizó a través de dos instrumentos elaborados a partir del análisis de la literatura sobre deserción en cursos virtuales, masivos y abiertos, ajustados a las particularidades de la formación complementaria del SENA. A través del análisis, se identificó que el comportamiento de la población de los cursos cortos del SENA varía significativamente respecto a los hallazgos de estudios precedentes sobre los cursos abiertos, masivos y en línea; así, las causas de deserción en la entidad responden a las particularidades de esta población. Por último, se orientan estrategias de retención, de acuerdo con las causas identificadas en el estudio

Aplicación de una herramienta informática online para generar aumento de conocimientos y habilidades en procedimientos de enfermería relacionados con la realización de vendajes en pacientes traumatológicos

Objetivos: 1. Evaluar el efecto de una formación online en la mejora de conocimientos y habilidades de alumnos de enfermería de cuarto curso, en comparación con la realizada de forma convencional. 2. Estimar la variación de conocimientos, pre-post intervención, de los alumnos de cuarto de enfermería sobre las diferentes técnicas de vendaje.3.Comprobar si la formación online permite la adquisición de habilidades (skills), en comparación con la formación convencional.Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental con 3 grupos paralelos (experimental, control habitual, control seminario habitual). La población diana son los alumnos de 4º grado en Enfermería, que cursan sus estudios en la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología (FEFP) de la UCM. Se utiliza una plataforma on-line como medio formativo (Elsevier Clinical Skills. Resultados: La formación llevada a cabo se posiciona como un método eficaz para la adquisición de conocimientos. Este tipo de metodologías no presenciales, suponen un importante ahorro económico. Además, esta metodología virtual consigue mejorar los conocimientos en la materia estudiada y adquirir habilidades de la misma de una forma más cómoda, barata, accesible y flexible

Las tic como estrategias pedagógicas para estimular el gusto por la lectura en los estudiantes de grado sexto de la ied Rafael Núñez de algarrobo Magdalena.

Teniendo en cuenta los principios y lineamientos de la educación Colombiana enmarcados en la Ley General de Educación y La Constitución Política, se presenta la siguiente propuesta como una alternativa pedagógica que busca mejorar el hábito de lectura en los estudiantes de grado sexto de la IED Rafael Núñez de Algarrobo Magdalena, para lo cual se propone hacer uso de las tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones TIC. La propuesta surge como respuesta a los resultados de la encuesta diagnóstica aplicada a la población objetivo, en cuyo análisis se pudo detectar las principales causas de la apatía hacia la lectura por parte de dicha población, haciéndose evidente la necesidad de buscar nuevos métodos y estrategias de enseñanza. Se pretende crear espacios de aprendizaje donde el estudiante se sienta cómodo y motivado, sin inhibiciones ni temores que bloqueen su creatividad; permitiéndoles expresarse y participar libremente con ayuda de herramientas tecnológicas, los recursos multimediales y diferentes software interactivos que contribuyan al logro de sus competencias comunicativas, obteniendo así mejores resultados en el desempeño académico para todas las áreas del conocimiento

Suppression of Coulomb-nuclear interference in the near-barrier elastic scattering of 17 Ne from 208 Pb

The proton drip-line nucleus 17Ne is considered a good candidate for a Borromean two-proton halo with a 15O + p+ pstructure. Angular distributions of the elastic scattering and inclusive 15O production for a 136 MeV 17Ne beam incident on a 208Pb target were measured for the first time at the SPIRAL1 facility, GANIL. Use of the GLORIA detector array allowed high-resolution data over a wide angular range from 20◦up to 95◦in the laboratory frame to be obtained. The elastic scattering angular distribution shows similarities with those for both 6He and 20Ne at equivalent collision energies with respect to the corresponding Coulomb barriers, exhibiting the suppression of the Coulomb rainbow peak characteristic of strong coupling. Optical model and coupled channel fits suggest that this is due to a combination of coupling to low-lying quadrupole resonances and Coulomb dipole coupling to the low-lying continuum, although their relative importance depends on the relevant B(E2)values which remain to be firmly determined

Comparative gene expression of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and peptide levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) in the pituitary of wild and cultured Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) broodstocks

12 páginas, 8 figuras, 2 tablas.The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a valuable flatfish for aquaculture, but it presents important reproductive problems in captivity. Spawning is achieved by wild-caught breeders but cultured broodstocks fail to spawn spontaneously and, when they do, eggs are unfertilized. To gain knowledge on the physiological basis underlying this reproductive dysfunction, this study aimed at analyzing comparative hormone levels between wild and cultured broodstocks at the spawning season. The Senegalese sole gonadotropin (GTH) subunits, FSHβ, LHβ and GPα, were cloned and qualitative (in situ hybridization) and quantitative (real-time PCR) assays developed to analyze pituitary GTH gene expression. In females, FSHβ and GPα mRNA levels were higher in wild than in cultured broodstocks, whereas in males all three subunits were highest in cultured. By ELISA, three GnRH forms were detected in the pituitary, displaying a relative abundance of GnRH2 > GnRH1 > GnRH3. All GnRHs were slightly more abundant in wild than cultured females, whereas no differences were observed in males. Plasma levels of vitellogenin and sex steroids were also analyzed. Results showed endocrine differences between wild and cultured broodstocks at the spawning period, which could be related to the endocrine failure of the reproductive axis in cultured breeders.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) (AGL2006-13777-C01), the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA) (JACUMAR, II National Plan for the Cultivation of Sole) and the Regional Government of Galicia (PGIDIT06RMA004E). J.M. Guzmán received a FPI fellowship from the MEC. J.B. Ortiz-Delgado was supported by the “Ramón y Cajal” program (MEC, Spain).Peer reviewe

Does native Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin mediate growth inhibition of a mammary tumor during infection?

Indexación: Web of Science.Background: For several decades now an antagonism between Trypanosoma cruzi infection and tumor development has been detected. The molecular basis of this phenomenon remained basically unknown until our proposal that T. cruzi Calreticulin (TcCRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone, translocated-externalized by the parasite, may mediate at least an important part of this effect. Thus, recombinant TcCRT (rTcCRT) has important in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. However, the relevant question whether the in vivo antitumor effect of T. cruzi infection is indeed mediated by the native chaperone (nTcCRT), remains open. Herein, by using specific modified anti-rTcCRT antibodies (Abs), we have neutralized the antitumor activity of T. cruzi infection and extracts thereof, thus identifying nTcCRT as a valid mediator of this effect. Methods: Polyclonal anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments were used to reverse the capacity of rTcCRT to inhibit EAhy926 endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, as detected by BrdU uptake. Using these F(ab')(2) fragments, we also challenged the capacity of nTcCRT, during T. cruzi infection, to inhibit the growth of an aggressive mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (TA3-MTXR) in mice. Moreover, we determined the capacity of anti-rTcCRT Abs to reverse the antitumor effect of an epimastigote extract (EE). Finally, the effects of these treatments on tumor histology were evaluated. Results: The rTcCRT capacity to inhibit ECs proliferation was reversed by anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments, thus defining them as valid probes to interfere in vivo with this important TcCRT function. Consequently, during infection, these Ab fragments also reversed the in vivo experimental mammary tumor growth. Moreover, anti-rTcCRT Abs also neutralized the antitumor effect of an EE, again identifying the chaperone protein as an important mediator of this anti mammary tumor effect. Finally, as determined by conventional histological parameters, in infected animals and in those treated with EE, less invasive tumors were observed while, as expected, treatment with F(ab')(2) Ab fragments increased malignancy. Conclusion: We have identified translocated/externalized nTcCRT as responsible for at least an important part of the anti mammary tumor effect of the chaperone observed during experimental infections with T. cruzi.http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2764-