Optometría clínica, desde la práctica hacia la teoría

La comunicación se presenta en estas Jornadas Docentes versa sobre la inversión de secuencia de actividades en una clase (flipped Classroom, Flipped Learning o clase invertida) (Barnett & Society for Research into Higher Education., 2005) de una asignatura de último curso del Grado en Óptica y Optometría y el Doble Grado en Farmacia, Óptica y Optometría. La experiencia ha resultado muy positiva y muy bien recibida por los alumnos. La participación también ha sido elevada y desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje, la atención y motivación mostrada por los alumnos ha ayudado a la comprensión y entendimiento de los contenidos conceptuales y procedimentales

Intense Pulse Light Combined With Low-Level Light Therapy in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review

Objectives:To evaluate the improvement in symptoms and signs associated with intense pulse light (IPL) combined with low-level light therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED).Methods:A systematic review of full-length original studies reporting the effects of IPL combined with LLLT for DED in two databases, PubMed and Scopus, was performed according to the PRISMA statement. The quality assessment tool for case series studies from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute was used to analyze the quality of the studies selected.Results:The search provided a total of 393 articles, of which six were included. Significant decreases in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) score, MGD grade, and meiboscore and increases in tear film stability, lipid layer thickness, and loss area of the meibomian gland have been reported. Concerning tear volume, tear meniscus height, and Schirmer test remained unchanged. In relation to tear osmolarity and corneal fluorescein staining, contradictory outcomes were found.Conclusions:Intense pulse light combined with LLLT for the treatment of dry eye improves OSDI, tear film stability, and meibomian gland function; thus, this treatment may be recommended for DED patients due to MGD

Cataract surgery astigmatism incisional management. Manual relaxing incision versus femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy. A systematic review

Purpose: This systematic review aims to compare corneal astigmatism correction in cataract surgery through corneal relaxing incision, manually and femtosecond laser assisted. Methods: The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations. We used PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) as databases from January 2010 to March 30, 2021. Patients with keratoconus, corneal ectasia, and a previous history of eye surgery were excluded because our aim was to analyze only healthy eyes. Results: A total of 1025 eyes were evaluated from 946 patients (mean age was 68.90 ± 5.12) in manual incision group articles, while 1905 eyes of 1483 patients (mean age was 65.05 ± 4.57) were evaluated in femtosecond laser arcuate keratotomy (FLAK) articles. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 0.19 ± 0.12 and 0.15 ± 0.05 logMAR for manual incision and FLAK articles, respectively (p = 0.39). The mean correction index (CI) was similar in both groups: 0.77 ± 0.18 in manual incision and 0.79 ± 0.17 in femtosecond laser assisted incision (p = 0.70). Refractive stability was found after 3 months and no serious complications were reported during the follow-up in any group. Conclusion: Both techniques are safe and moderately effective in corneal astigmatism correction in cataract surgery. FLAK represents a more precise and predictable approach. However, since visual and refractive outcomes appear to be similar in both cases, the cost-benefit analysis is controversial

The Combined Effect of Low-dose Atropine with Orthokeratology in Pediatric Myopia Control: Review of the Current Treatment Status for Myopia

Pediatric myopia has become a major international public health concern. The prevalence of myopia has undergone a significant increase worldwide. The purpose of this review of the current literature was to evaluate the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine treatment combined with overnight orthokeratology for myopia control. A search was conducted in Pubmed and Web of Science with the following search strategy: (atropine OR low-dose atropine OR 0.01% atropine) AND (orthokeratology OR ortho-k) AND (myopia control OR myopia progression). All included studies improved myopia control by the synergistic effect of orthokeratology with low-dose atropine, compared with orthokeratology treatment alone. All studies included a short or medium follow-up period; therefore longer-term studies are necessary to validate these results

Choroidal thickness assessment in keratoconus patients treated with cross-linking compared to healthy population.

Purpose: To analyze the choroidal thickness between patients with keratoconus undergoing cross-linking treatment and a healthy population, as well as to determine the factors that influence choroidal thickness. Methods: This was an observational, analytical, case–control study that was conducted from February 2021 to June 2021. Choroidal thickness was measured at different locations, including the subfoveal, nasal (1000 μm), temporal (1000 μm), superior (1000 μm) and inferior (1000 μm) locations using a Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging, which allowed us to obtain horizontal and vertical B-scans centered on the fovea. Results: This study included 21 patients with keratoconus (mean age, 21.86 ± 5.28 years) and 28 healthy patients (mean age, 24.21 ± 4.71 years). Choroidal thickness was significantly greater in patients with keratoconus than in healthy patients in each of the following measured locations: subfoveal (P < 0.001); nasal (1000 μm) (P < 0.001), temporal (1000 μm) (P < 0.001), superior (1000 μm) (P < 0.001) and inferior (1000 μm) (P < 0.001) locations. Variables such as age (ρ = − 0.09; P = 0.50) and refraction (ρ = 0.14; P = 0.34) were not found to be associated with choroidal thickness. In a stepwise multiple linear regression, the group was the single variable correlated with choroidal thickness (β = 0.88; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Choroidal thickness is thicker in keratoconus patients treated with cross-linking than in the healthy population. This finding could be associated with inflammatory choroidal mechanisms in keratoconus patients, but more studies are needed. Age and refractive error do not seem to influence choroidal thickness. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V

El problema de la violencia en los espectáculos deportivos desde la sociología del deporte. Un marco teórico de análisis

Hablar de violencia en los espectáculos deportivos es un tema que, desafortunadamente, en los últimos años resulta bastante habitual. Ocurrieron hace unas décadas sucesos alarmantes, a nivel nacional e internacional, que sacaron a la luz un problema hasta entonces no reconocido como tal y a partir de ahí, acertadamente o no, se establecieron estrategias de seguimiento y prevención de distinto tipo. Sin embargo, lo que también ocurrió es que los sucesos violentos resultaban llamativos, creaban expectación, en definitiva, "vendían" y eso trajo tras de sí un uso interesado y oportunista del tema, tanto por parte de distintos profesionales como de los medios de comunicación. El estudio de la violencia desde la sociología del deporte nos pone en guardia precisamente con respeto a esta última cuestión. El tratamiento de estos temas en los medios de comunicación puede actuar como amplificador de los mismos, magnificando el problema o reforzando un carácter de moda que, por otra parte, nosotros no deseamos darle. La misma razón nos lleva a recordar que la atención que la sociedad le concede al fenómeno de la violencia viene determinado, entre otros motivos, por las propias características de la sociedad en que vivimos. En la actualidad el nivel de violencia, en general, es menor que en otras épocas históricas, pero el avance y desarrollo de la sociedad hacen que cada vez seamos más exigentes con las condiciones de vida que nos rodean, hasta tal punto que deseemos resolver problemas que, aún no siendo generalizados, afectan a sectores parciales de la sociedad y tienen enorme resonancia sobre la misma