Trend Labour Supply in Canada: Implications of Demographic Shifts and the Increasing Labour Force Attachment of Women

While demographic change has been an ongoing process in Canada, labour market implications of an aging population will become more acute in coming years. This article discusses the anticipated slowing in the growth of trend labour input over the coming decades with the aging of the baby boomers, declining fertility rates, and the stabilization of the labour force attachment of women. As the pool of labour shrinks, employers and governments will be looking for ways to address barriers to continued labour force participation and firms will have a greater incentive to find ways of improving labour productivity.

Parsing shocks: real-time revisions to gap and growth projections for Canada

The output gap - the deviation of output from potential output - has played an important role in the conduct of monetary policy in Canada. This paper reviews the Bank of Canada's definition of potential output, as well as the use of the output gap in monetary policy. Using a real-time staff economic projection dataset from 1994 through 2005, a period during which the staff used the Quarterly Projection Model to construct economic projections, the authors investigate the relationship between shocks (data revisions or real-time projection errors) and revisions to projections of key macroeconomic variables. Of particular interest are the interactions between shocks to real gross domestic product (GDP) and inflation and revisions to the level of potential output, potential growth, the output gap, and real GDP growth.Economic development ; Economic conditions - Canada

Decomposing movements in U.S. non-energy import market shares

Country market shares of U.S. non-energy imports have changed considerably since 2002, with varying volatility across three subperiods: pre-crisis (2002-07), crisis (2007-09) and post-crisis (2009-14). In this paper, we analyze market shares for four main trading partners of the United States (Canada, Mexico, China and Japan). We use shift-share analysis to decompose movements in the aggregate market shares into those related to actual shifts in product-specific market shares, versus shifts in the composition of U.S. import demand and the interaction between these two effects. Our analysis shows that separating these effects is important, since shifts in product-specific market shares explain varying amounts of movements in the overall market shares across countries and between time periods. Specifically, we find that two-thirds of Canada's decline in U.S. market share is due to shifts in product-specific market shares and that these losses were relatively stable across subperiods. In contrast, losses associated with a shift in the composition of U.S. import demand were most important during the crisis and have in fact supported Canada's market share since 2009. We also find that almost three-quarters of Canada's total loss in market share was concentrated in two sectors: (i) motor vehicles and parts, and (ii) forestry products and building and packaging materials. Japan's loss in U.S. market share was very similar to Canada's over this period. In contrast, China and Mexico both gained market share between 2002 and 2014. China gained mostly in product-specific market share, while Mexico benefited from favourable shifts in U.S. import demand.Les parts de marché aux États-Unis des pays exportateurs de produits non énergétiques ont beaucoup évolué depuis 2002, affichant une volatilité variable au cours de trois sous-périodes : avant-crise (2002-2007), crise (2007-2009) et après-crise (2009-2014). Dans cette étude, les auteurs analysent les parts de marché de quatre des principaux partenaires commerciaux des États-Unis (Canada, Mexique, Chine et Japon). Au moyen d’une analyse structurelle résiduelle, ils décomposent les variations des parts de marché globales en trois effets : variations liées aux modifications réelles des parts de marché des divers produits, modifications de la composition de la demande américaine d’importations et interaction entre ces deux effets. Leur analyse montre qu’il est important de séparer ces effets, car les modifications des parts de marché selon les produits expliquent une portion variable des mouvements de l’ensemble des parts de marché entre les pays et entre les périodes. Plus précisément, les auteurs constatent que les deux tiers du recul de la part du marché américain des exportations canadiennes sont attribuables à des modifications des parts de marché des divers produits et que ces pertes étaient relativement stables tout au long des sous-périodes. En revanche, les pertes associées à une modification de la composition de la demande américaine d’importations ont été les plus importantes durant la crise et ont, dans les faits, appuyé les parts de marché du Canada depuis 2009. Les auteurs observent également que presque les trois quarts de la perte totale de parts de marché du Canada étaient concentrés dans deux secteurs : 1) les véhicules et pièces automobiles et 2) les produits forestiers ainsi que les matériaux de construction et d’emballage. Le recul des parts de marché des exportations japonaises vers les États-Unis a été très similaire à celui enregistré par le Canada au cours de la même période. À l’inverse, les parts de marché de la Chine et du Mexique ont progressé entre 2002 et 2014. La Chine a vu croître principalement les parts de marché de ses divers produits, tandis que le Mexique a profité de modifications favorables de la demande américaine d’importations

Non-ALJ Adjudicators in Federal Agencies: Status, Selection, Oversight, and Removal

This article republishes—in substantively similar form—our 2018 report to the Administrative Conference of the United States (ACUS) concerning federal agencies’ adjudicators who are not administrative law judges (ALJs). (We refer to these adjudicators as “non-ALJ Adjudicators” or “non-ALJs.”) As our data indicate, non-ALJs significantly outnumber ALJs. Yet non-ALJs are often overlooked and difficult to discuss as a class because of their disparate titles and characteristics. To obtain more information on non-ALJs, we surveyed agencies on non-ALJs’ hearings and, among other things, the characteristics concerning non-ALJs’ salaries, selection, oversight, and removal. We first present our reported data on these matters, which are the most comprehensive data to date on the non-ALJs’ indicia of impartiality. We then provide suggested practices for agencies to promote non-ALJs’ actual and apparent impartiality in presiding over agency hearings

Index of Philanthropic Freedom 2015

The Index of Philanthropic Freedom 2015 is the first analysis of philanthropic freedom across the world. By examining barriers and incentives for individuals and organizations to donate money and time to social causes, CGP has measured, ranked, and compared countries on their ease of giving. The research is a major step in identifying the public policy actions to encourage private giving which, in turn, can increase generosity

Faculty Recital, Rex Richardson, trumpet

Rex Richardson\u27s Trumpet Spectacular Magdalena Adamek, pianoTuesday, October 1, 2019 at 7pmSonia Vlahcevic Concert HallW.E. Singleton Center for the Performing Arts922 Park AvenueRichmond, Va.WithJeff Hudson, tubaKevin Maloney, trumpetTabatha Easley, fluteTaylor Barnett, trumpetRussell Wilson, pian

An Occupation Based Program: Supporting Mothers Through Pregnancy and Postpartum

This capstone project aimed to discover the effects of occupational therapy services with women who may experience or who are at risk for postpartum depression. Supporting Mothers Through Pregnancy and Postpartum is the developed capstone program. This program included occupation-based activities and resources to encourage occupational participation and engagement. This program used an integrative approach to support the participants of this project. This poster presentation includes background information regarding this population, the methods used to develop the program, program topic themes and goals, and links to view the program’s deliverables.https://soar.usa.edu/otdcapstonessummer2023/1013/thumbnail.jp

Environmental research on the new Lincoln University dairy farm

A major challenge to the New Zealand’s growing dairy industry is to achieve an annual productivity gain of 4% in order to remain internationally competitive. However, it is important to ensure that this productivity gain is achieved without significantly comprising the quality and integrity of New Zealand’s “clean and green” environment. There is increasing public concern about the effects of dairying on the environment, both within New Zealand and by our overseas customers. One of the main concerns is the possible threat to the quality of groundwater and surface water, particularly by nitrate, phosphate and microbial contaminants. Nitrate leaching from soil is of concern because of its impact on drinking water quality and the effects that nitrate can have on rivers and lakes. A high nitrate concentration in drinking water is a recognised health hazard and a high concentration in rivers and lakes can cause excessive growth of algae and weeds, which may reduce the fish population. Nitrate leaching also represents a financial cost to the farmer and a loss in soil fertility. The establishment of the new Lincoln University dairy farm is designed to enable us to develop and test practical methods to improve productivity and at the same time protect the environment. The objective of the environmental project on the new Lincoln University dairy farm is to develop best management practices under irrigation which will ensure that the dairy industry’s 4% productivity gain is achieved in a sustainable way, and that the wider environment is protected

New light from an old reagent: chemiluminescence from the reaction of potassium permanganate with sodium borohydride

When aqueous sodium borohydride (50 mM) is added to a solution of potassium permanganate (1mM, in sodium hexametaphosphate) at acidic pH, bright red-orange emission is easily visible in a darkened room. This chemiluminescence emission is due to an excited state of manganese (II) that undergoes solution phase phosphorescence and provides an excellent opportunity for students to explore the relationship between the initial oxidation state of the manganese and the likelihood of luminescence. Not surprisingly Mn(VII), Mn(IV) and Mn(III) all give rise to chemiluminescence where as Mn(II) fails to react