Relationship of mitochondrial energy production with the rate and efficiency of whole body growth in young growing animals

Associations between mitochondria function and the mitochondrial protein adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT1) content with rate and efficiency of growth in young growing rats and pigs were evaluated. Mitochondria were isolated from the gastrocnemius muscle in rats (n = 43) and the biceps femoris muscle in pigs (n = 44) to measure mitochondrial protein content and function among animals from a single strain and rearing environment. Lower rates of mitochondrial proton leak-dependent respiration (State 4; r = 0.42, P \u3c 0.01) or improved mitochondrial metabolic efficiencies (RCR; r = 0.33, P \u3c 0.05) in skeletal muscle were associated with improved gain/feed ratios in rats. In addition, rats with a lower muscle mitochondrial protein content exhibited improved efficiencies of feed utilization (r = 0.43, P \u3c 0.01) and improved rates of growth (r = 0.31, P \u3c 0.05). In pigs, higher rates of maximal mitochondrial respiration (State 3; r = .43, P \u3c .01), an improved RCR (r = 0.34, P \u3c 0.05) and a greater amount of ANTI protein in the biceps femoris muscle (r = 0.44, P \u3c 0.05) were each associated with improved daily body weight gains.;The ability of bilobalide and proanthocyanidins to positively modulate mitochondrial function also was evaluated. Weanling rats (16/trt) were allowed access to a diet containing either 0 or 78 ppm bilobalide for 22 days post-weaning. Gastrocnemius and liver mitochondria were isolated for mitochondrial function measurements. Dietary bilobalide addition resulted in increased liver weights (P \u3c 0.01) and protein contents (P \u3c 0.01), State 3 rates (P \u3c 0.05) and RCR (P = 0.08) in liver mitochondria. However, mitochondrial function in the gastrocnemius muscle and daily BW gain, feed intake, and efficiency of feed utilization were not altered by bilobalide addition. In vitro incubation of pig skeletal muscle mitochondria with 0.36 mug/ml proanthocyanidins resulted in a 15% improvement (P \u3c 0.05) in State 3 respiration. These data establish that variation in mitochondrial function exists and is important to both the rate and efficiency of whole body growth in animals and bioactive compounds may have the potential to positively alter mitochondrial function

The Durham Latin Prose “Brut” to 1347 with a Continuation to 1348: A Nationalistic Chronicle of England and its Manuscripts

This article re-examines the unedited Durham Latin Prose “Brut” chronicle and its manuscript tradition in light of the discovery of a previously unknown manuscript. The Durham “Brut” covers the history of England from its legendary origins through the English victories over Scotland and France in 1346–47. The chronicle’s later years are related to those in two other important late-medieval chronicles, the Anonimalle Chronicleand the Lanercost Chronicle, and for a short section of John of Washington\u27s later chronicle. Only one witness of the Durham “Brut” was known until 2011, when another was identified with a 1347–48 continuation in a seventeenth-century hand. This article identifies an additional medieval witness that also includes the continuation. This article examines all three manuscripts together to track their development through both layout and a word by word comparison of a section of the text (Edward III’s 1346 invasion of Normandy). This article will serve as a starting point for future editors of this neglected but important chronicle, written during a time of great change in English culture and national identity

Nebulous goobledegook : the politics of (re)learning how and what to teach in Australia

No abstract available

State of the River Report 2016: Water Quality and River Health in the Metro Mississippi River

Friends of the Mississippi River (FMR) and the National Park Service's Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MNRRA) are pleased to present the second edition of the State of the River Report.In 2012, we partnered to develop the inaugural State of the River Report. That report spurred a series of river management milestones, including closure of the Upper St. Anthony lock, statewide phase-outs of triclosan and coal tar sealants, and improved targeting of state clean water funds.For the second edition, FMR and MNRRA once again ask the question: "So, how is the Mississippi River?" The State of the River Report highlights 14 key indicators of river health and presents each in a way that non-scientists can understand. The report examines the status and trends of each indicator and highlights strategies for improvement

State of the River Report: Water Quality and River Health in the Metro Mississippi River

The "State of the River Report" highlights 13 key indicators of river health, and details the results in way that non-scientists can understand. The report provides a current snapshot, as well as history and trends, of factors affecting the health of the river and solutions to help protect and improve the metro portion of the Mississippi River.By presenting clear and concise information on important factors of water quality and river health, the State of the River Report offers readers the opportunity to learn more about this resource and contribute to its protection and restoration

Bush Blitz collections and iNaturalist observations assist the recognition of a new species from New South Wales, Lomandra briggsiana (Asparagaceae)

A new species of Lomandra Labill., Lomandra briggsiana R.L.Barrett & T.C.Wilson, is described from the Great Dividing Range and Western Slopes of New South Wales. The new species has affinity to the widespread south-eastern Australian species Lomandra multiflora (R.Br.) Britten, and to L. decomposita (R.Br.) Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean and Lomandra ramosissima Jian Wang ter from Queensland. It has previously been included under L. multiflora as a ‘terete-leaved’ form in the Flora of New South Wales and recognised as Lomandra sp. Oxley Wild Rivers (T.M. Collins 924) on PlantNET. While the taxon has been known for some time, many of the existing collections are sterile or have only immature or old inflorescences present, and all but one of the collections represent only a single sex. Formal description has been prompted by the collection of fertile material during a Bush Blitz expedition in Oxley Wild Rivers National Park and good-quality photographs of flowering material posted on iNaturalist

Socially inclusive teaching: belief, design, action as pedagogic work

Like other western nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom, Australia’s record of education outcomes for marginalized groups is troubling, whether the comparisons are made within the nation or with other OECD nations. Although recent Australian Governments have sought to overhaul funding for schools and universities, on their own, more resources for educational institutions are not enough to redress problems of disadvantage and to achieve social justice. Also required is a focus on the pedagogic work (PW) of teachers and, by implication, their teacher educators. Central to this article is the argument that pedagogy is the most strategic place to begin this work because of its location as a central message system in education. In this article we conceive of PW as comprising of belief, design, and action. From these are derived three principles on which to build a socially inclusive pedagogy that creates opportunities for all students, whatever their circumstances, to participate more fully in education. Our focus on advancing a conceptual understanding of socially inclusive pedagogy is informed by a theory and politics of transformation, which seek to engage with the deep structures that generate injustice within schools and teacher education

Deformation Processed Al/Al2Ca Nano-filamentary Composite Conductors

A 48% increase in worldwide energy demand is expected by 2040, which will require expansion of electrical power transmission infrastructure. 1 Expanded long-distance transmission grids in China, the United States, and elsewhere are expected to make greater use of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, the preferred technology for long distances.2 Conventional aluminum- conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) cables are not well suited for HVDC transmission due to the presence of the heavy, poorly conducting steel core needed for strength and sag-resistance. Al/Ca composite conductors with monolithic construction produced by powder metallurgy and deformation processing have shown promise as a possible next-generation conductor for this application