Modelo para evaluar la factibilidad de reutilización de aguas lluvias en edificaciones de diferentes usos y según la intensidad de lluvia de la zona

Trabajo de investigaciónSe generó un modelo, en el cual ingresando unos datos básicos de los proyectos, se pueda tener un análisis rápido, preliminar y acertado de los costos que puede llegar a tener la implementación de un sistema de tratamiento, reutilización de aguas lluvias y el tiempo de retorno de la inversión.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES DE TRABAJO DE GRADO 2. MARCOS DE REFERENCIA 3. METODOLOGIA 4. ELABORACION DEL MODELO 5. APLICACIONES DEL MODELO 6. ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS 7. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSEspecializaciónEspecialista en Recursos Hídrico

Clustering residents of a spanish mining site: when attitudes towards tourism are not linked to perceptions

This study uses a segmentation framework to categorize the residents of Minas de Riotinto, a mining town in Andalusia, Spain, based on their perceptions of the personal and community effects of tourism. These segments were then classified according to their tourism attitudes, utilizing a three-dimensional approach encompassing affective, cognitive, and behavioral elements. For this purpose, a cluster analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test were successively applied to the responses of 346 residents. The results revealed three main groups of residents: "interested and enthusiastic supporters", "disinterested and moderate supporters" and "incongruous and impulsive residents". Contrary to our expectations, all groups showed favorable affective attitudes towards tourism development in their region. However, significant differences emerged between groups concerning the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of their attitudes.Este artículo segmenta a los residentes de la localidad minera de Minas de Riotinto (Andalucía, España) según sus percepciones sobre los efectos personales y comunitarios del turismo y clasifica los segmentos resultantes de acuerdo con sus actitudes hacia el turismo, utilizando para ello un enfoque tridimensional que diferencia tres componentes actitudinales: afectiva, cognitiva y conductual. Para ello, se aplica sucesivamente un análisis de conglomerados y el test de Kruskal-Wallis a las respuestas de una muestra de 346 vecinos de la localidad. Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar tres grandes grupos de residentes: “partidarios interesados y entusiastas”, “partidarios desinteresados y moderados” y “residentes incongruentes e impulsivos”. Contrariamente a lo esperado, todos los grupos tienen actitudes afectivas favorables hacia el desarrollo turístico en su territorio. Sin embargo, existen diferencias significativas entre grupos respecto a las dimensiones cognitivas y conductuales de la actitud

Herramienta web para la propuesta, realización y corrección interactiva de ejercicios de informática gráfica

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un proyecto de innovación docente consistente en el desarrollo de una plataforma web para la propuesta, realización y corrección interactiva y de forma visual de ejercicios relativos a conceptos tridimensionales del campo de la informática gráfica. A través de la plataforma web el profesor configura y plantea de forma interactiva ejercicios relativos a los principales conceptos 3D estudiados en la asignatura. El alumno accede a los ejercicios propuestos a través de la aplicación web y propone una solución también de forma visual e interactiva utilizando la propia herramienta. El profesor puede visualizar las soluciones propuestas por los alumnos, comparándolas en un entorno 3D con la solución correcta. Adicionalmente, la plataforma proporciona una pre-evaluación automática de los ejercicios, la cual puede ser adoptada por el profesor o modificarse en base a la evaluación visual. La herramienta ya se ha utilizado en clase y en este trabajo se presentan los primeros resultados de la experiencia. La aplicación está accesible a través del enlace: https://exercises-computergraphics.rhcloud.com.This work presents the results of a project consisting of developing a web platform for proposing, doing and correcting exercises about three-dimensional concepts of Computer Graphics in an interactive and visual way. The professor uses the web platform to interactively configure and propose exercises about the basic 3D concepts studied in the subject. The students access the exercises through the web platform and propose a solution by using the web application in a visual and interactive way too. The professor can visualize the solutions of the students and compare them with the correct solution in a 3D environment. The web platform also provides an automatic pre-evaluation of the student exercises. This preevaluation can be adopted by the professor or can be modified according to the 3D visual inspection of the solution provided by the student. The web platform has already been used in the classroom and in this work we present the first results of our experience. The web platform is available through this link: https://exercises-computergraphics.rhcloud.com

Do health professionals’ attitudes towards alcohol use matter for alcohol prevention efforts? Results from the WIRUS-OHS study

Background Use of alcohol is a major public health issue, representing the 7th largest burden of disease in the world. Workplaces offer a unique arena for health initiatives addressing alcohol use, where occupational health services (OHS) personnel play an important role. However, we do not know if the extent of such initiatives may be influenced by personal drinking attitudes among OHS personnel. Thus, the aim of the study was to explore how drinking attitudes among OHS personnel were associated with their frequency of working with alcohol-related cases and with their views on alcohol prevention activities in the OHS. Methods The WIRUS project included a cross-sectional survey of attitudes and practices among OHS personnel (n = 325) employed by Norwegian OHS services (n = 69), who informed about sociodemographic and professional characteristics, drinking attitudes, frequency of cases with alcohol-related issues, and perceptions toward the role of the OHS in primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol prevention activities. Measures of associations were examined with linear and logistic regression models. Results Drinking attitudes were unrelated to the frequency of working with alcohol-related cases. Physicians, psychologists, and nurses had higher frequency of working with alcohol-related cases, compared to those with other professional backgrounds (β = 0.46, p = 0.01). Drinking attitudes were also unrelated to attitudes towards primary/secondary/tertiary alcohol prevention activities in the OHS, while female OHS personnel were more positive towards increased primary alcohol prevention activities in the OHS (OR: 1.82, p < 0.05). Only marginal portions (1%-3%) of the variance in attitudes towards alcohol prevention activities in the OHS were accounted for by the models. Conclusion This study did not find evidence of associations between OHS personnel’s drinking attitudes and their practices and attitudes towards alcohol prevention activities. The lack of association between OHS personnel’s attitudes towards alcohol use and their attitudes and practices relating to alcohol prevention in the workplace might point towards professionalism, as personal attitudes appear not to interfere with their priorities and professional mission. Given the small amount of outcome variance explained by the tested models, other variables should be used in future studies.publishedVersio

Low back pain among office workers in three Spanish-speaking countries: Findings from the CUPID study

Artículo científicoObjectives—To assess differences in the prevalence and incidence of low back pain (LBP) and associated disability among office workers in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Spain. Methods—Data were collected at baseline (n=947, 93% response) in November 2007 and at follow-up after 12 months (n=853, 90% response). Six outcome measures were examined: baseline prevalence of (1) LBP in past 12 months, (2) LBP in past month, and (3) disabling LBP in past month; and at follow-up: (4) incidence of new LBP in the past month, (5) new disabling LBP, and (6) persistent LBP. Differences in prevalence by country were characterized by odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), before and after adjustment for covariates. Results—Prevalence of LBP in the past month among office employees in Costa Rica (46.0%) and Nicaragua (44.2%) was higher than in Spain (33.6%). Incidence of new LBP was 37.0% in Nicaragua (OR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.57-3.95), 14.9% in Costa Rica (OR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.41-1.34), and 19.0% in Spain (reference). Incidence of new disabling LBP was higher in Nicaragua, 17.2%(OR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.43-4.34) and Costa Rica, 13.6% (OR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.03-3.48) than Spain (7.7%), while persistence of LBP was higher only in Nicaragua. Conclusions—Prevalence of LBP and disabling LBP was higher in Costa Rican and Nicaraguan office workers than in Spain, but incidence was higher mainly in Nicaragua. Measured sociodemographic, job-related and health-related variables only partly explained the differences between countries, and further research is needed to explore reasons for the remaining differences

Musculoskeletal injuries in Us air Force Security Forces, January 2009 to December 2018

OBJECTIVE: to determine the incidence, types, and risk factors of musculoskeletal injuries in a military security forces population. METHODS: Demographic and diagnostic data were retrieved on enlisted US Air Force security forces personnel who served on active duty between January 2009 and December 2018. Incidence rates and ratios were calculated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: During 251,787 person-years of exposure, 62,489 personnel served on active duty. Of these, 40,771 (65.2%) were diagnosed with at least one musculoskeletal injury. The majority (60.1%) of the 164,078 unique musculoskeletal injuries were inflammation and pain secondary to overuse. After adjusting for other factors, women had a 31% higher injury rate than men, and those who were overweight and obese had 15% and 30% higher rates, respectively, than normal-weight peers. CONCLUSIONS: Modifiable and non-modifiable factors contribute to musculoskeletal injuries in the security forces career field

Personality traits and career choices among physicians in Finland : employment sector, clinical patient contact, specialty and change of specialty

Background: Personality influences an individual's adaptation to a specific job or organization. Little is known about personality trait differences between medical career and specialty choices after graduating from medical school when actually practicing different medical specialties. Moreover, whether personality traits contribute to important career choices such as choosing to work in the private or public sector or with clinical patient contact, as well as change of specialty, have remained largely unexplored. In a nationally representative sample of Finnish physicians (N = 2837) we examined how personality traits are associated with medical career choices after graduating from medical school, in terms of employment sector, patient contact, medical specialty and change of specialty. Methods: Personality was assessed using the shortened version of the Big Five Inventory (S-BFI). An analysis of covariance with posthoc tests for pairwise comparisons was conducted, adjusted for gender and age with confounders (employment sector, clinical patient contact and medical specialty). Results: Higher openness was associated with working in the private sector, specializing in psychiatry, changing specialty and not practicing with patients. Lower openness was associated with a high amount of patient contact and specializing in general practice as well as ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. Higher conscientiousness was associated with a high amount of patient contact and specializing in surgery and other internal medicine specialties. Lower conscientiousness was associated with specializing in psychiatry and hospital service specialties. Higher agreeableness was associated with working in the private sector and specializing in general practice and occupational health. Lower agreeableness and neuroticism were associated with specializing in surgery. Higher extraversion was associated with specializing in pediatrics and change of specialty. Lower extraversion was associated with not practicing with patients. Conclusions: The results showed distinctive personality traits to be associated with physicians' career and specialty choices after medical school independent of known confounding factors. Openness was the most consistent personality trait associated with physicians' career choices in terms of employment sector, amount of clinical patient contact, specialty choice and change of specialty. Personality-conscious medical career counseling and career guidance during and after medical education might enhance the person-job fit among physicians.Peer reviewe

Monitoring Self-Perceived Occupational Health inequities in Central america, 2011 and 2018

Objectives. to analyze changes in occupational health inequity between 2011 and 2018 among workers in Central America. Methods. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews at the workers\u27 homes for the 2 Central America Working Conditions Surveys (n = 12 024 in 2011 and n = 9030 in 2018). We estimated health inequity gaps by means of absolute and relative population attributable risks and the weighted Keppel index. We stratified all analyses by gender. Results. Between 2011 and 2018, the proportion of workers reporting poor self-perceived health decreased both in women (from 32% to 29%) and men (from 33% to 30%). However, the health inequity gaps remained wide in the 4 stratifiers. Measured by the Keppel index, health inequity gaps between countries increased from 22% to 39% in women and from 20% to 29% in men. Conclusions. While health improved between 2011 and 2018, health inequity gaps remained wide. Wider health inequity gaps were observed between countries than by gender, age, occupation, or education. Public Health Implications. This first benchmark of occupational health inequities in Central America could be useful when developing and evaluating the impact of public policies on work