El control sobre la financiación de los partidos políticos: un desafío permanente para el legislador

The control of the corruption is a fundamental aim in a democratic system. The Spanish legislation approved for the financing model of the political parties is eing reformed continuously. Nowadays the spreading corruption has forced a new legislative reform of the 2007 Act, while they are other projects in the Parliament in order to control the economic and financial activities of the parties and to guarantee the transparency in the internal functioning.El control sobre la corrupción política es un objetivo esencial para un sistema democrático. La legislación Española sobre financiación de partidos políticos se encuentra en permanente estado de revisión. La extensión del fenómeno de la corrupción política ha obligado a reformar ya la ley aprobada en el 2007, mientras se plantean iniciativas en el Parlamento para controlar la actividad económica y financiera de los partidos políticos, y asegurar la transparencia en su funcionamiento.The control of the corruption is a fundamental aim in a democratic system. The Spanish legislation approved for the financing model of the political parties is eing reformed continuously. Nowadays the spreading corruption has forced a new legislative reform of the 2007 Act, while they are other projects in the Parliament in order to control the economic and financial activities of the parties and to guarantee the transparency in the internal functioning

La dimensión autonómica de la libertad religiosa : la competencia para la apertura de centros de culto

This paper discusses the competences of the Autonomous Communities about the religious freedom. Specifically, is studying the possibility of Autonomous Communities to legislate on the opening of cult centres in their territory.En este trabajo se analizan las competencias de las Comunidades Autónomas en el ámbito de la libertad religiosa. Concretamente, se estudia la posibilidad de que las Comunidades Autónomas legislen sobre la apertura de centros de culto en su territorio.This paper discusses the competences of the Autonomous Communities about the religious freedom. Specifically, is studying the possibility of Autonomous Communities to legislate on the opening of cult centres in their territory

Mis casos clínicos de especialidades odontológicas

Libro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasLibro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Encuesta sobre el Tribunal Constitucional

En esta encuesta un grupo de profesores de Derecho Constitucional contestan un conjunto de preguntas sobre el Tribunal Constitucional español, tras más de cuarenta años de existencia. De un lado, se plantean algunas preguntas sobre el diseño organizativo del Tribunal, la organización del trabajo y su funcionamiento, y sobre posibles reformas. De otro lado, se reflexiona sobre el papel desempeñado por el tribunal en sus diferentes facetas: como órgano de control de constitucionalidad de la ley, como garante de los derechos fundamentales y como actor en el desarrollo del Estado autonómico. Por último, se analizan los retos que el Tribunal debe enfrentar y que derivan de la integración supranacional y la globalización

β-Carotene Production under Greenhouse Conditions

β-carotene is a secondary metabolite that is a hydrocarbon carotene predominantly located in lower concentrations in PS II functioning as a helper to harvest light pigment during photosynthesis and to dissipate excess energy before damage occurs. As other carotenes, β-carotene is uniquely synthesized in plants, algae, fungi and bacteria. βcarotene is the main diet precursor of pro-vitamin A. Additionally, β-carotene serves as an essential nutrient and is in high demand in the market as a natural food colouring agent, as an additive to cosmetics and also as a health food. Several approaches have been carried out in order to increase β-carotene production in algae, bacteria, fungi and plants using biotechnological and engineering focuses. In the case of plants, such species as the tomato have important β-carotene contents, which are theoretically amenable to management using approaches such as fertilization, growth conditions and mild stress. On the other hand, greenhouse structures can protect crops from wind and rain, and can also protect from insects when fitted with insect exclusion screens. β-carotene production could potentially be improved and enhanced in greenhouse conditions in plants as well as in algae, based on the exclusion of the structure, and the possibility of controlling aspects such as climate, fertilization and stress management, among others. Production of βcarotene (and other secondary metabolites) from several organisms in greenhouse conditions should be an interesting future approach, visualizing the greenhouse as a “factory” in frontier technologies such as biotechnology and mechatronics in order to optimize this production