REMPLISSAGE EN AZOTE DES TISSUS REPRODUCTEURS DE BRASSICA NAPUS L. (ESTIMATION DES FLUX PAR MARQUAGE ISOTOPIQUE, CARACTERISATION DES PROTEINES IMPLIQUEES DANS LA MISE EN RESERVE ET DES FACTEURS INDUISANT LEUR ACCUMULATION)

CAEN-BU Sciences et STAPS (141182103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Appréhender la production de langage oral en maternelle - Croiser les focales

International audienc

Dispensing patterns of anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics: a feasibility study comparing datasets from a developed and a developing country (Australia and South Africa)

Background: Dispensing patterns reflect drug usage trends. Benzodiazepines are known as drugs with potential for misuse, and frequent dispensing may be a surrogate marker of misuse. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to obtain a comparative snapshot of anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic dispensing in a developing country and a developed country, to determine whether further research about benzodiazepines is warranted. Method: A cross-national, cross-sectional retrospective drug utilisation study was conducted on benzodiazepines and z-drugs. The South African database was obtained from a national medical insurance administrator and the Australian data were de-identified and extracted from pharmacies in the city of Brisbane in Queensland. Results: Diazepam was the most frequently dispensed anxiolytic in the Australian dataset (26.4%; n=1057/4010) while in the South African data, diazepam dispensing (17.2%; n=11597/67354) was superseded by alprazolam (17.8%; n=12009/67354) and followed by bromazepam (13.6%; n=9146/67354). The most frequently dispensed hypnotic in the South African data was zolpidem which accounted for 18.7% of records (n=12603/67354), while in the Australian data it was temazepam (24.9%; n=998/4010). Zolpidem was dispensed more frequently than zopiclone in both datasets. Conclusion: In South Africa there was relatively frequent use of alprazolam, bromazepam and zolpidem while in the Australian data diazepam, oxazepam and temazepam were most frequently dispensed. The use of alprazolam, identified as a drug of abuse in Australia, warrants further research in South Africa. The indicator described in this paper permitted a (qualitative) cross-sectional comparison of anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics between a developed and a developing country (Australia and South Africa)

Dynamics of Nitrogen Uptake and Mobilization in Field-grown Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) From Stem Extension to Harvest. II. An 15 N-labelling-based Simulation Model of N Partitioning Between Vegetative and Reproductive Tissues

International audienceBackground and Aims Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has often been used as a catch crop to deal with the issue of N leaching, but for this to be effective, prediction of the crop's N uptake capability and N partitioning is required. The aim of this work was to build a compartmental model of N dynamics in oilseed rape, based on the kinetic description of N uptake, partitioning and mobilization in each organ. Model In this study, logistic and exponential equations were fitted to the N relations of each compartment, especially the leaf at each node. Data previously obtained from an 15 N-labelling field experiment was used to quantify the partitioning of total N content, the allocation of N taken up and subsequent changes in the sink/source status for endogenous N in each tissue throughout the growth cycle. Key Results and Conclusions This modelling approach provides a unique tool for the quantitative estimation of cycling of endogenous N in relation to changes in N uptake at the whole-plant level. Furthermore, as oilseed rape is known to release large amounts of N to the soil during spring through leaf loss, this model was used to identify potential methods for improving the N harvest index of the crop. Simulations showed that N content or yield could be improved by 15 % by optimizing N transfer from vegetative to reproductive tissues and by reducing the residual %N (DW) in abscised leaves

'Repeat' prescriptions and antibiotic resistance: findings from Australian community pharmacy

Objective: Australians are among the highest users of antibiotics in the developed world. The primary aim was to determine the 'age' of antibiotic prescriptions at the time of dispensing as a possible contributor to antibiotic misuse and ultimately, resistance. The secondary aim was to test customised software to permit extraction and de-identification of dispensing records for analysis.\ud \ud Methods: Data were extracted and de-identified from computerised dispensing systems in three community pharmacies in Brisbane, Australia, according to a strict ethical protocol. All prescription records dispensed between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 were merged to form a complete dataset of 1 158 871 de-identified dispensing records which were analysed using Microsoft Excel®. A retrospective drug utilisation study was conducted on a subset of 100 573 antibiotic records. In a substudy conducted at a single pharmacy site, all antibiotic records dispensed over a 4-month (winter) period were examined to determine the age of prescriptions.\ud \ud Key findings: Nearly one in ten antibiotics (9.0%) was dispensed from prescriptions that were more than a month old, and over one in five (22.1%) were dispensed from a repeat prescription.\ud \ud Conclusions: Health system factors may contribute to inappropriate antibiotic use in Australia, including availability and validity of repeat antibiotic prescriptions. Government health departments, prescribers, pharmacists, other health professionals and consumers have to share the responsibility of ensuring that antibiotics are used appropriately