Design of a predictive model of a rock breakage by blasting using artificial neural networks

Over the years, various models have been developed in the stages of the mining process that have allowed predicting and enhancing results, but it is the breakage, the variable that connects all the activities of the mining process from the point of view of costs (drilling, blasting, loading, hauling, crushing and grinding). To improve this process, we have designed and developed a computational model based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), the same that was built using the most representative variables such as the properties of explosives, the geomechanical parameters of the rock mass, and the design parameters of drill-blasting. For the training and validation of the model, we have taken the data from a copper mine as reference located in the north of Chile. The ANN architecture was of the supervised type containing: an input layer, a hidden layer with 13 neurons and an output layer that includes the sigmoid activation function with symmetrical properties for optimal model convergence. The ANN model was fed-back in its learning with training data until it becomes perfected, and due to the experimental results obtained, it is a valid prediction option that can be used in future blasting of ore deposits with similar characteristics using the same representative variables considered. Therefore, it constitutes a valid alternative for predicting rock breakage, given that it has been experimentally validated, with moderately reliable results, providing higher correlation coefficients than traditional models used, and with the additional advantage that an ANN model provides, due to its ability to learn and recognize collected data patterns. In this way, using this computer model we can obtain satisfactory results that allow us to predict breakage in similar scenarios, providing an alternative for evaluating the costs that this entails as a contribution to the work

Water treatment plant prototype with pH control modeled on fuzzy logic for removing arsenic using Fe(VI) and Fe(III)

This study proposes a fuzzy control strategy embedded in a Siemens IoT2040 gateway developed for removing inorganic arsenic from synthetic underground water in a treatment plant prototype. The prototype is used to dose a constant flow of Fe(VI) to maintain an oxide-reduction potential to guarantee the oxidation of arsenite into arsenate, while the fuzzy logic embedded in the IoT control manages the addition of Fe(III) to achieve a proper pH adjustment and efficient arsenate removal. The tests used synthetic Bangladesh groundwater enriched with 200 µg/L of arsenite and 200 µg/L of arsenate. The results revealed that the plant prototype yielded an effective treatment of the water. Arsenate was decreased to an average value of 6.66 µg/L and, the arsenite concentration decreased to 1.01 µg/L or less. These values were lower than the limit of 10 µg/L deemed by the World Health Organization as safe for human consumption.IDIC-Universidad de Lim

Development of a Fuzzy Logic-Based Solar Charge Controller for Charging Lead–Acid Batteries

The design and implementation of a solar charge controller for lead–acid batteries is intended to supplement a component of the water purification module of the water treatment unit for natural disaster relief. This unit contains a solar panel system that supplies power to the module by charging batteries through a controller comprising an Atmega 328 processor. The solar panel feeds voltage to the batteries through fuzzy logic-based software, which allows up to 6 A DC to pass through the controller’s power circuit. Consequently, the battery was charged in less time (an average of 7 h to reach maximum capacity), wherein battery lifespan is related to the charge wave frequency. Thus, our software may be adapted in different control algorithms without having to change hardware

Water treatment plant prototype with ph control modeled on fuzzy logic for removing arsenic using fe(VI) and fe(III)

This study proposes a fuzzy control strategy embedded in a Siemens IoT2040 gateway developed for removing inorganic arsenic from synthetic underground water in a treatment plant prototype. The prototype is used to dose a constant flow of Fe(VI) to maintain an oxide-reduction potential to guarantee the oxidation of arsenite into arsenate, while the fuzzy logic embedded in the IoT control manages the addition of Fe(III) to achieve a proper pH adjustment and efficient arsenate removal. The tests used synthetic Bangladesh groundwater enriched with 200 µg/L of arsenite and 200 µg/L of arsenate. The results revealed that the plant prototype yielded an effective treatment of the water. Arsenate was decreased to an average value of 6.66 µg/L and, the arsenite concentration decreased to 1.01 µg/L or less. These values were lower than the limit of 10 µg/L deemed by the World Health Organization as safe for human consumption

Study to determine levels of cadmium in cocoa crops applied to inland areas of Peru:"The case of the Campo Verde-Honoria Tournavista Corridor"

The presence of cadmium (Cd) in cocoa crops is currently a serious problem for farmers and producers in various regions of South America. Because its exports of cocoa and derivatives to European markets are threatened by possible signs of contamination in cocoa beans for export. Territories with a low organic component predated and exploited by illegal logging, burning and the intensity of unsustainable land use is common in large Amazonian areas in countries of the region. These factors were incorporated in statistical analysis in order to relate them to the contents of Cd in soil, leaves and beans in the study areas located in Peru. Such as the Campo Verde-Honoria-Tournavista corridor (Ucayali Region and Huanuco Region). Cadmium concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As a consequence of this study, we determined and concluded that the observed difference in distribution of Cd contents by sectors can be explained by previous land use and age of cocoa crop. Indeed, the average content of Cd in soil in all cocoa growing areas is higher than the standard established by the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment (MINAM). However, when the measurements obtained in previously predated and exploited sectors are not considered, the Hotelling's simultaneous 90% confidence interval contains the value of the Peruvian standard 1.4 mg/kg. Therefore, with this information we prepare a geochemical Cd map in soils for the study area, which will help cocoa producers to identify areas that exceed the allowed Cd values. In this way, we can carry out in the future a mitigation plan for areas with Cd problems, which allows to reduce their content with major challenges to sustainable agriculture and rural development

Recepción de una señal a distancia en tiempo real

El presente trabajo trata del estudio de los sistemas de tiempo real y una aplicación en el campo de la Ingeniería. Se puede decir que un Sistema de Tiempo Real es aquel sistema informático cuyo correcto funcionamiento no depende solo de que proporcione la respuesta adecuada a la entrada, sino que también lo haga en un determinado momento, este es el aspecto fundamental que diferencia a los Sistemas de Tiempo Real del resto de los sistemas convencionales. El diseño de un sistema de tiempo real requiere de técnicas de análisis, diseño y pruebas que son algunas veces desconocidas. Como cualquier sistema basado en computadora, un sistema de tiempo real debe integrar hardware, software, personas y elementos de una base de datos, para conseguir adecuadamente un conjunto de requisitos funcional y de rendimiento. Las áreas de aplicación de los Sistemas de Tiempo Real en la actualidad son bastantes numerosas y muchas de ellas se usan por ejemplo en: Control de procesos, Robótica, Estructuras, Sistemas de Potencia, Sistemas de gran escala, Inteligencia Artificial, Sismología, Electrónica de consumo, Edificios inteligentes, Control de tráfico aéreo, Telecomunicaciones, Análisis químico, etc. Mi planteamiento de elaboración de la tesis, será aplicar esta técnica de tiempo real en la medida de la señal de luz mediante un sensor adaptado a nuestro sistema y luego obteniendo los datos en el computador, usando para ello el puerto paralelo de la impresora. Este puerto se usara debido a que una computadora normal no dispone de una tarjeta de adquisición de datos para leer dicha tensión (voltaje). El trabajo que va a ser realizado nos dará una idea de cómo este sistema puede implementarse en forma sencilla y que parámetros deberán usarse. Este trabajo lo resumiremos en cuatro partes: La primera parte consta del desarrollo de la parte teórica de lo que es un Sistema de Tiempo Real y su clasificación. La segunda parte consta del desarrollo del hardware relacionado con la conexión del sensor de luz al computador. La tercera parte consta del desarrollo del Sistema de Tiempo Real (implementación de software y programas de aplicación). La última parte consta de una aplicación de los Sistemas de Tiempo Real en una de las áreas ya mencionadas. Finalmente en cuanto al software a usar se menciona que se trabajara con el Sistema Operativo Linux y su extensión de tiempo real el RT-Linux.Tesi