Regionalni sustavi inovacija kao društvena polja

The world today is subject to ambiguous, complex and mutually reinforcing global trends. The same could be said for the adaptations of social settings to these global trends. As a consequence, societies attempt to develop various increasingly sophisticated and complex systems of innovations, with all its material, social and cognitive consequences. In this article we consider systems of innovations as special type of social fields influenced by three social forces: institutions, networks and cognitive frames. Through the fuzzy-set analysis, we are examining whether these are necessary and sufficient conditions of successful adaptation to global trends via increasing innovative performance. We need a combination of at least two, but best if three, social forces to structure the social field in order to exhibit positive adaptation to global trends. This implies that the ability of social settings to meet challenges posed by global trends can indeed be a subject of rational action.Današnji svijet postao je predmetom dvoznačnih, kompleksnih i uzajamno podržavajućih globalnih trendova. Isto se može reći i za socijalno okruženje koje se adaptira tim globalnim trendovima. Posljedično, društva nastoje razviti različite sustave inovacija koji postaju sve sofisticiranijima i kompleksnijima, uključujući i njihove materijalne, društvene i kognitivne posljedice. U ovom članku bavimo se sustavima inovacija kao posebnim društvenim područjima koja su pod utjecajem triju društvenih sila: institucija, mreža i kognitivnih okvira. Fuzzy-set analizom ispitujemo jesu li ovo nužni i dostatni uvjeti uspješne adaptacije globalnim trendovima kroz povećanje inovativne performanse. Potrebna nam je kombinacija barem dviju, a najbolje triju društvenih sila koje bi strukturirale društveno područje kako bi pokazali pozitivnu prilagodbu globalnim trendovima. To znači da sposobnost socijalnog okruženja da se suoči s izazovima globalnih trendova može biti predmetom racionalnog djelovanja

The Social Situation and Social Reforma in Slovenia

Slovenski je tranzicijski put do sada bio unekoliko drukčiji nego u većini ostalih postsocijalističkih zemalja u Europi. Uzrok tome leži u blažem diskontinuitetu s prošlošću. Socijalna politika je vjerojatno najočitiji primjer tome. Premda nisu samo čisti nastavak, sadašnji trendovi u Sloveniji čvrsto su ukorijenjeni u logiku proteklog razvojnog sustava. Brza privatizacija te rapidno smanjivanje socijalne potrošnje nisu bili realistična politička opcija tijekom devedesetih godina. Iako smo svjedoci segmentacije tržišta rada, te povećavanja siromaštva i stopa nejednakosti, oni uglavnom nisu bili tako oštri u usporedbi s ostalim postsocijalističkim zemljama. Stanje reformi sustava socijalne sigurnosti (zdravstvene politike i zdravstvenog osiguranja, mirovinskog sustava, osiguranja za vrijeme nezaposlenosti i ostalih sustava socijalne zaštite), obrazovne politike i politike tržišta rada objašnjavaju zašto je tome tako. Posebno u sustavu socijalne sigurnosti ne može se jasno identificirati nijedan veći rez u pravima i javnoj potrošnji, a koji ne bi ozbiljno utjecao na socijalno stanje stanovništva, iako postoji određen pomak odgovornosti za vlastito blagostanje od države na pojedinca. Također se može uočiti “prikrivena” privatizacija u tercijarnom obrazovanju, ali ona nije utjecala na mogućnost nastavka školovanja mladih generacija. Pored toga, donijeta je široka paleta mjera aktivne politike zapošljavanja u cilju borbe protiv strukturne nezaposlenosti, te poticanja uključivanja nezaposlenih osoba u te mjere. Usprkos tome se ove politike suočavaju s brojnim problemima, koji su u članku jasno naznačeni. Međutim, kritike da je slovenska socijalna politika preskupa, uzimajući u obzir razvojni značaj socijalne dimenzije, uskogrudne su i parcijalne. Imajući to na umu, točniji opis slovenske socijalne politike jest da je ona previše pasivna, neučinkovita i bez jasno definirane strategijske uloge.Slovenia\u27s transition trajectories have so far been somewhat different from those in most other post-socialist countries. This is due to a less sharp discontinuity with the past. Social policy is perhaps the most obvious example; current trends are quite firmly embedded in the logic of the past development of the system, even if they are not a simple continuation of it. Fast privatisation and rapid cuts in welfare spending were not a realistic policy option in the 1990s. Even though we witness trends toward labour market segmentation and increase in poverty and inequality rates, they have mostly been less acute than in other post-socialist countries. The state of reforms of the social security system (health policy and insurance, pension system, employment insurance and other social protection schemes), of education policies and of labour market policies explain why this is the case. Especially as far as the social security system is concerned, one cannot clearly identify any major cuts in entitlements and public spending which could potentially have a serious impact on the social standing of the population – even though the responsibility for one\u27s well-being was shifted to a certain extent from the state to the individual. We can also identify a “hidden” privatisation of the tertiary education, but it still does not impact the ability of young generations to continue their education. In addition, a comprehensive set of labour market policies has been designed to tackle structural unemployment and foster inclusion of the unemployed. Nevertheless, these policy areas are facing numerous problems, which are clearly identified in the article. However, critics of the Slovenian social policy who consider it too expensive are, in view of the developmental relevance of the social dimension, narrow-minded and partial. Having this in mind, the description of Slovenia\u27s social policy as being too passive, inefficient and without a clearly defined strategic role is more accurate

Zapošljavanje i politika tržišta rada u Sloveniji

Rad je posvećen sadašnjem stanju u Sloveniji, koje se može ocijeniti kao relativno pozitivno, posebice u usporedbi s drugim zemljama u jugoistočnoj Europi. Slovenija je prilično dobro provela proces tranzicije. Kako bi se mogla steći sveobuhvatna slika, potrebno je navesti i manje pozitivne aspekte tog procesa: stečajeve mnogih tvrtki, ekonomsko restrukturiranje gospodarstva u kojemu je bilo preveliko značenje industrije i s tim povezano otpuštanje brojnih zaposlenih, smanjivanje rashoda za socijalnu skrb, povećanje siromaštva i socijalne nejednakosti. Na tržištu rada zabilježen je početkom 1990-ih nagli porast nezaposlenosti. Stanje se poboljšalo u drugoj polovici 1990-ih, ali za neke skupine nezaposlenih (starije, polukvalificirane i nekvalificirane) vrlo je teško naći posao. Nakon početnog razdoblja razvijen je niz mjera na tržištu rada. Problemi su povezani s nedovoljno razvijenim regionalnim pristupom tih mjera, relativno slaboj suradnji različitih sudionika i značajnoj nefleksibilnosti radnog zakonodavstva

E- Simbioza als ein Weg zur Kreislaufwirtschaft durch die industrielle Symbiose in Slowenien

This paper provides a first insight into the level of understanding and implementation of industrial symbiosis (IS) in Slovenia. It is based on an online survey of a small sample of organizations actively involved in waste management. The results show that while their motivation to engage in IS include various environmental and economic benefits, as well as social responsibility, the concept and practice of IS is not well understood even within this group of organizations. Organizations that engage in IS would benefit from online tools enabling them to optimize their search for potential IS stakeholders with relevant types of waste materials for exchange. While the small sample size does not allow for generalizations, it provides evidence that an online platform to support IS can substantially contribute to a shift towards a circular economy. The article concludes with the presentation of one such successful initiative – e-Simbioza – as well as some guidelines for its future development.U članku se po prvi put analizira upoznatost s idejom industrijske simbioze (IS) u Sloveniji kao i njena implementacija. Podaci su dobiveni online anketom provedenom na manjem uzorku organizacija koje su aktivno uključene u upravljanje otpadom. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da su ove organizacije motivirane primjenjivati industrijsku simbiozu, a njihovi razlozi uključuju okolišne i ekonomske prednosti njene primjene, kao i pitanja društvene odgovornosti. Međutim, vidljivo je da čak ni ove organizacije nisu sasvim upoznate s idejom industrijske simbioze kao ni njenom primjenom. Organizacijama koje primjenjuju industrijsku simbiozu bili bi korisni online alati koji bi im omogućili lakši pronalazak potencijalno zainteresiranih aktera s određenim vrstama otpada za razmjenu. Veličina uzorka ne omogućuje poopćavanje rezultata, no istraživanje daje naznake da bi uspostava online platforme koja promiče industrijsku simbiozu značajno doprinijela pozitivnom pomaku prema kružnoj ekonomiji. U članku je predstavljen primjer jedne takve uspješne inicijative – e-Simbioza – pa se raspravlja i o mogućnostima njenog budućeg razvoja.Im Artikel wird zum ersten Mal der Bekanntheitsgrad der Idee der industriellen Symbiose (IS) in Slowenien, sowie deren Implementierung analysiert. Die Angaben stammen aus einer Onlineumfrage, die an einem kleineren Muster von am Abfallmanagement aktiv beteiligten Organisationen durchgeführt wurde. Die Egebnisse zeigen, dass diese Organisationen dazu motiviert sind, die industrielle Symbiose anzuwenden, ihre Gründe dafür schließen ökologische und ökonomische Vorteile deren Anwendung, sowie die Fragen der gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung ein. Es ist jedoch sichtbar, dass sogar diese Organisationen nicht völlig mit der Idee der industriellen Symbiose und deren Anwendung vertraut sind. Für die Organisationen, die die industrielle Symbiose anwenden, wären Onlinewerkzeuge nützlich, die ihnen ermöglichen würden, potentielle Interessenten mit bestimmten Abfallarten für den Tausch zu finden. Die Größe des Musters ermöglicht nicht, dass die Ergebnisse verallgemeinert werden, die Forschung jedoch liefert Anzeichen dafür, dass die Erstellung einer Onlineplattform, die die industrielle Symbiose vorantreibt, einer positiven Annäherung an die Kreislaufwirtschaft wesentlich beitragen würde. Im Artikel wird das Beispiel solch einer erfolgreichen Initiative – e-Simbioza – angeführt und die Möglichkeiten ihrer zukünftigen Entwicklung werden erörtert

Logistički regresijski model predikcije izloženosti nasilju nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima u izoliranim romskim naseljima Međimurske županije

Based on the conducted field research on the incidence of violence against Roma women in Roma families, as well as their beliefs and attitudes about violence against Roma women in Roma families conducted on the cause of 350 Roma women living in 12 isolated Roma settlements in Međimurje County, by using logistic regression analyzes, three predictive profiles of Roma women as victims of gender violence in Roma families were made. The application goal of the research is aimed at helping health and social services if they could further shift the focus of their work towards those Roma women as beneficiaries who are at higher risk of exposure to violence. In the first model, which included only socio-demographic characteristics of respondents according to Wald\u27s test of significance of coefficients, older age (OR 1,848, p-0,007), material deprivation (OR 2,345, p-0.021) and the earlier age of birth of the first child (OR 7.962, p-0.004) were singled out as statistically significant from the predictors of Roma women\u27s exposure to domestic violence within Roma families. Extending the model with attitudes and prejudices about violence against women with significant predictors already highlighted, such as younger age (OR 1,760, p-0,015), earlier age of first child (OR 8,210, p-0,003) and earlier age of starting a family (OR 0.305, p-0.048), as the strongest predictor, beliefs and attitudes about violence were singled out (OR 1,957, p-0,002). Roma women with a higher degree of acceptance of prejudice about violence are also more likely to be victims of violence. Finally, the introduction as an independent variable and exposure to childhood violence by individual forms of abuse (physical, psychological, sexual and economic) resulted in a prediction model that proved to be statistically significant (p <.01), which of all three models best predicted values ​​of the dependent variable, where the predictors were significant earlier age of birth of the first child (OR 7,955, p-0,041), earlier age of starting a family (OR 0,106, p-0,017), higher number of children in care (OR 3,087, p-0,049 ) and greater exposure to physical (OR 14,560, p-0.001), economic (OR 4,728, p-0,049) and psychological (OR 8,088, p-0,000) childhood violence. Exposure to domestic violence is such a strong predictor that by introducing it into the model, attitudes about violence, ie a greater tendency to accept prejudices about violence against women and greater material deprivation, lose their predictive power, which directly confirms the assumption that Roma women victims of childhood violence a much higher risk of being a victim of adult violence.Na temelju provedenog terenskog istraživanja pojavnosti nasilja nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima, kao i njihovih uvjerenja i stavova o nasilju nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima koje je bilo provedeno na uzroku od 350 Romkinja koje žive na području 12 izoliranihromskih naselja na području Međimurske županije, upotrebom logističke regresijske analizeizrađena su tri prediktivna modela profila Romkinje kao žrtve obiteljskog nasilja u romskojobitelji. Aplikativni cilj istraživanja bio je usmjeren prema pomoći nadležnim zdravstvenimi socijalnim službama, kako bi na vrijeme mogle usmjeriti fokus svojeg rada prema onimRomkinjama kao korisnicama koje su pod većim rizikom od izloženosti nasilju.U prvom modelu, koji je uključivao samo sociodemografske karakteristike ispitanica,od prediktora izloženosti Romkinja obiteljskom nasilju unutar Romske obitelji prema Waldovu testu značajnosti koeficijenata kao statistički značajni izdvojeni su starija životna dob (OR 1,848, p - 0,007), veća materijalna deprivacija (OR 2,345, p - 0,021) i ranija dob rađanja prvog djeteta prije 16. godine života (OR 7,962, p - 0,004). Proširenjem modela sastavovima i predrasudama o nasilju nad ženom uz već izdvojene značajni prediktore kao štosu mlađa životna dob (OR 1,760, p - 0,015), ranija dob rađanja prvog djeteta (OR 8,210,p - 0,003) i ranija dob zasnivanja obitelji (OR 0,305, p - 0,048, kao najsnažniji prediktor izdvojena su uvjerenja i stavovi o nasilju (OR 1,957, p - 0,002), pri čemu Romkinje s većimstupnjem prihvaćanja predrasuda o nasilju imaju i veću šansu da budu žrtve nasilja. Konačno,uvođenjem kao nezavisne varijable i izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu i to po pojedinim oblicimazlostavljanja (tjelesnom, psihičkom, seksualnom i ekonomskom), dobiven je prediktivni model koji se pokazao statistički značajnim (p < .01), a koji je od sva tri modela najbolje predviđaovrijednosti zavisne varijable, pri čemu su od prediktora bili značajni ranija dob rađanja prvogdjeteta (OR 7,955, p - 0,041), ranija dob zasnivanja obitelji (OR 0,106, p - 0,017), veća brojnosti djece na skrbi (OR 3,087, p - 0,049) i izloženost tjelesnom (OR 14,560, p-0,001),ekonomskom (OR 4,728, p - 0,049) i psihičkom (OR 8,088, p - 0,000) nasilju u djetinjstvu.Izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu toliko je snažan prediktor da njegovim uvođenjem u modelstavovi o nasilju, odnosno veća sklonost prihvaćanja predrasuda o nasilju nad ženom te veća materijalna deprivacija gube prediktorsku snagu, čime je direktno potvrđena pretpostavka da su Romkinje koje su bile žrtve nasilja u djetinjstvu pod višestruko većim rizikom od bivanjažrtvom nasilja u odrasloj dobi

PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST ROMA WOMEN IN ROMA FAMILIES IN ISOLATED ROMA SETTLEMENTS ON THE TERRITORY OF MEĐIMURJE COUNTY

Predmet istraživanja bila je prevalencija pojedinih oblika nasilja nad Romkinjama koje žive u izoliranim romskim naseljima na području Međimurske županije. Istraživanje je bilo provedeno jednokratnim istraživanjem po tipu tzv. nacrta »poprečnog presjeka« u jednoj vremenskoj točki (proljeće 2020.) metodom anketiranja, a na slučajnom, proporcionalnom, stratificiranom uzorku od 350 Romkinja iz 12 izoliranih romskih naselja na području Međimurske županije. Utvrđena je vrlo visoka prevalencija izloženosti svim oblicima nasilja nad Romkinjama pri čemu je 69,1% ispitanih Romkinja izjavilo da su najmanje jednom tijekom života doživjele najmanje jedan oblik iz jedne od četiri grupe nasilja (fizičko, psihičko, seksualno ili/i ekonomsko). Najmanje jednom u životu nekom obliku psihičkog nasilja bilo je izloženo 61,7% Romkinja, najmanje jednom u životu nekom obliku fizičkog nasilja 50,3% Romkinja, najmanje jednom u životu nekom obliku ekonomskog nasilja 22,3% Romkinja, te najmanje jednom u životu nekom obliku seksualnog nasilja 17,1% Romkinja. Rezultati su pokazali da su Romkinje izrazito ugrožene zbog prisustva niza rizičnih faktora koji idu daleko iznad pripadnosti etničkoj manjini ili bilo kojoj drugoj manjinskoj skupini.The subject of the research was the prevalence of various forms of violence against Roma women living in isolated Roma settlements in Međimurje County. The research was conducted by one-time research on the type of so-called draft »cross-section« at one point in time (spring 2020.) by survey method and on a random, proportional, stratified sample of 350 Roma women from 12 isolated Roma settlements in Međimurje County. There was a very high prevalence of exposure to all forms of domestic violence against women among Romani women, with 69,1% of Romani women surveyed saying they had experienced at least one form of violence (physical, psychological, sexual, and/or economic) at least once in their lives. By analyzing the collected responses on exposure to certain forms from each of the four groups of violence, new variables were formed by isolating all those Roma women who at least once or more often over time, and at least once experienced at least one form from each violence group. 61.,7% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of psychological violence at least once in their lives, 50.,3% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of physical violence at least once in their lives, 22.,3% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of economic violence at least once in their lives and to some form of sexual violence have been exposed 17.,1% of Roma women have been exposed to some form of sexual violence. The results showed that Romani women are extremely vulnerable due to the presence of several risk factors that go far beyond belonging to an ethnic minority or any other minority group

Development and implementation of the EU grand strategies: sociological, policy, and regional considerations of Agenda 2030

This book addresses the challenging and exciting issues of the implementation of the European Union’s grand strategies, with a particular interest in the implementation of the current Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals. It provides insight into the impact of this strategic process on some of the current global issues relevant to the European Union, such as the European and global energy market, food supplies, industrial components etc. Some of the challenges have such a strong short-term impact, that already accepted strategic priorities and decisions are being questioned and re-examined. This is a particularly exciting subject, both as a research topic and as a policy issue