Fermer les « Campi Nomadi » d’Italie et d’Europe

Depuis 2007, le collectif d’artistes et de chercheurs Stalker - Osservatorio Nomade, mène, en collaboration avec le Dipartimento di Studi Urbani de l’Università di Roma Tre, un travail de recherche avec les communautés Rom installées dans la périphérie romaine, en recourant à des actions de terrain, des cours universitaires et des actions d’art civique. Les Rom sont le plus grand peuple européen sans état (environs 15 millions d’individus). En Italie, ils sont confinés dans des camps nommés « Villages de la Solidarité », où leur culture et leur mode de vie sont gravement menacés. Hors de tout dispositif légal, leurs droits y sont suspendus. Le travail de recherche présenté ici, intitulé « Nomadisme et ville. Habitats informels, camps nomades, abris occasionnels, lus à travers des pratiques et des expériences d’art public », a commencé par une marche exploratoire le long des berges du Tibre où l’on rencontre plus de cinquante bidonvilles (Sui letti del fiume, 2007). Il s’est poursuivi par un séminaire international itinérant, prenant la forme d’un voyage à la rencontre des habitats marginaux, à travers dépôts de containers, zones barbelées équipées d’un réseau de vidéosurveillance, constructions spontanées (Campus Rom 2008). Ce projet s’est achevé par la mise en place, à l’intérieur du Campo Rom Casilino 900, d’un chantier ouvert à l’auto-construction en bois et à la multiculturalité (Savorengo Ker – la casa di tutti, brûlé en décembre 2008).Voir :www.osservatorionomade.netSince 2007, Stalker/Osservatorio Nomade, a network of artists and researchers, in collaboration with the Urban Studies department at the Università di Roma TRE, has undertaken a research project on Romani communities in Rome through field investigations, university courses, and civic art actions. Romanis are regarded, more than any other community, as “the Other”, and make up the largest homeless, stateless population in Europe (approximately 15 million people). They are severely discriminated against in Italy through the “Campi Nomadi,” now referred to as “solidarity villages” - police-patrolled, segregated areas to which the Romains are confined and in which their legal rights are suspended. This study, entitled “Nomadism and the City: Living on the Edge; Nomad Camps and Temporary Shelters Seen through Practices and Experiments in Public Art,” began with an exploratory walk along the banks of the river, where participants encountered more than fifty shantytowns (Sui letti del fiume, 2007). It continued with a travelling, international seminar in the form of nine camping cars visiting various habitats. These habitats included temporary settlements from past generations, with containers, barbed wire and 24-hour surveillance cameras; authorized sites that have developed spontaneously; abusive shantytowns (Campus Rom, 2008); and, finally, an experimental project integrating several ethnic communities on an open building site at the Campo Rom Casilino 900, a building cooperative that worked to erect an actual wooden house (Savorengo Ker – the house for everyone, 2008), which burned down in December 2008. See: www.osservatorionomade.ne

Weak values under uncertain conditions

We analyze the average of weak values over statistical ensembles of pre- and post-selected states. The protocol of weak values, proposed by Aharonov et al., is the result of a weak measurement conditional on the outcome of a subsequent strong (projective) measurement. Weak values can be beyond the range of eigenvalues of the measured observable and, in general, can be complex numbers. We show that averaging over ensembles of pre- and post-selected states reduces the weak value within the range of eigenvalues of the measured operator. We further show that the averaged result expressed in terms of pre- and post-selected density matrices, allows us to include the effect of decoherence.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, prepared for Proceedings of FQMT0

Non-neural phenotype of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: Results from a large cohort of Italian patients

Objective: To carry out a deep characterisation of the main androgen-responsive tissues involved in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Methods: 73 consecutive Italian patients underwent a full clinical protocol including biochemical and hormonal analyses, genitourinary examination, bone metabolism and densitometry, cardiological evaluation and muscle pathology. Results: Creatine kinase levels were slightly to markedly elevated in almost all cases (68 of the 73; 94%). 30 (41%) patients had fasting glucose above the reference limit, and many patients had total cholesterol (40; 54.7%), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (29; 39.7%) and triglyceride (35; 48%) levels above the recommended values. Although testosterone, luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone values were generally normal, in one-third of cases we calculated an increased Androgen Sensitivity Index reflecting the presence of androgen resistance in these patients. According to the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), 7/70 (10%) patients reported severe lower urinal tract symptoms (IPSS score >19), and 21/73 (30%) patients were moderately symptomatic (IPSS score from 8 to 19). In addition, 3 patients were carriers of an indwelling bladder catheter. Videourodynamic evaluation indicated that 4 of the 7 patients reporting severe urinary symptoms had an overt prostate-unrelated bladder outlet obstruction. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan data were consistent with low bone mass in 25/61 (41%) patients. Low bone mass was more frequent at the femoral than at the lumbar level. Skeletal muscle biopsy was carried out in 20 patients and myogenic changes in addition to the neurogenic atrophy were mostly observed. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence of a wide non-neural clinical phenotype in SBMA, suggesting the need for comprehensive multidisciplinary protocols for these patients. \ua9 2016 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited

Nonperturbative theory of weak pre- and post-selected measurements

This paper starts with a brief review of the topic of strong and weak pre- and post-selected (PPS) quantum measurements, as well as weak values, and afterwards presents original work. In particular, we develop a nonperturbative theory of weak PPS measurements of an arbitrary system with an arbitrary meter, for arbitrary initial states. New and simple analytical formulas are obtained for the average and the distribution of the meter pointer variable, which hold to all orders in the weak value. In the case of a mixed preselected state, in addition to the standard weak value, an associated weak value is required to describe weak PPS measurements. In the linear regime, the theory provides the generalized Aharonov-Albert-Vaidman formula. Moreover, we reveal two new regimes of weak PPS measurements: the strongly-nonlinear regime and the inverted region, where the system-dependent contribution to the pointer deflection decreases with increasing the measurement strength. The optimal conditions for weak PPS measurements are achieved in the strongly-nonlinear regime, where the magnitude of the average pointer deflection is equal or close to the maximum. This maximum is independent of the measurement strength, being typically of the order of the pointer uncertainty. We show that the amplification in the weak PPS measurements is a product of two qualitatively different quantities: proper amplification and enhancement. The effects of the free system and meter Hamiltonians are discussed. We also identify optimal meters for weak measurements. Exact solutions are obtained for a certain class of the measured observables. These solutions are used for numerical calculations, the results of which agree with the theory. Moreover, the theory is extended to allow for a completely general post-selection measurement. We also discuss time-symmetry properties of PPS measurements of any strength.Comment: The final version, corrected and expanded; 107 pages, 13 figure

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study

Background Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.Methods In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021. Patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules were divided into three groups according to when they underwent surgery: from Jan 1, 2019, to Feb 29, 2020 (global prepandemic phase), from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021 (pandemic escalation phase), and from June 1 to Dec 31, 2021 (pandemic decrease phase). The main outcomes were, for each phase, the number of surgeries for indeterminate thyroid nodules, and in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancers, the occurrence of tumours larger than 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, vascular invasion, distant metastases, and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence. Univariate analysis was used to compare the probability of aggressive thyroid features between the first and third study phases. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05178186.Findings Data from 157 centres (n=49 countries) on 87 467 patients who underwent surgery for benign and malignant thyroid disease were collected, of whom 22 974 patients (18 052 [78 center dot 6%] female patients and 4922 [21 center dot 4%] male patients) received surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules. We observed a significant reduction in surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the pandemic escalation phase (median monthly surgeries per centre, 1 center dot 4 [IQR 0 center dot 6-3 center dot 4]) compared with the prepandemic phase (2 center dot 0 [0 center dot 9-3 center dot 7]; p<0 center dot 0001) and pandemic decrease phase (2 center dot 3 [1 center dot 0-5 center dot 0]; p<0 center dot 0001). Compared with the prepandemic phase, in the pandemic decrease phase we observed an increased occurrence of thyroid tumours larger than 10 mm (2554 [69 center dot 0%] of 3704 vs 1515 [71 center dot 5%] of 2119; OR 1 center dot 1 [95% CI 1 center dot 0-1 center dot 3]; p=0 center dot 042), lymph node metastases (343 [9 center dot 3%] vs 264 [12 center dot 5%]; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 2-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0001), and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence (203 [5 center dot 7%] of 3584 vs 155 [7 center dot 7%] of 2006; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 1-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0039).Interpretation Our study suggests that the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic period could have led to an increased occurrence of aggressive thyroid tumours. However, other compelling hypotheses, including increased selection of patients with aggressive malignancies during this period, should be considered. We suggest that surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules should no longer be postponed even in future instances of pandemic escalation.Funding None.Copyright (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A piedi nudi sul G.R.A.

L'articolo parla dell'azione territoriale "GRA Geografie dell' Oltrecittà", compiuta nella primavera del 2009 da Stalker e da Primavera Romana, insieme al corso di Arti Civiche del Dipartimento di Architettura di Roma Tre

Stalker and the big games of Campo Boario

The meaning and the story of the presence of the artistic network Stalker inside the Campo Boario in Rome between 1999 and 2002. Practics of artistic and social interactions, a ludic approach to the multicultural city

Stalker/On Campus Rom

Il libro raccoglie in forma di autodialogo il racconto del lento processo di avvicinamento all’universo dei Rom da parte di Stalker/On avvenuta proprio sul campo di battaglia tra istituzioni e rom, con i percorsi di formazione universitaria e di consapevolezza civile realizzati dal LAC, Laboratorio di Arti Civiche dell'Università Roma Tre e da PrimaveraRomana, un progetto di cittadinanza creativa. Il libro è formato da testi scritti in momenti diversi, a volte anche riscritti e rieditati a più mani per rispondere a diverse uscite editoriali, molti di questi sono apparsi nel “Roma Ti-me”, il giornale di viaggio, iniziato con Campus Rom, il workshop internazionale realizzato con le università di Roma Tre, Belgrado e TU Delft nel 2008, che dà nome al libro. L'appendice raccoglie dati e mappe sui Rom a Roma, elaborati all'interno della ricerca universitaria "Nomadismo e Città" del Dipartimento di Studi Urbani dell'Università di Roma Tre: una cronologia inedita della loro presenza in città dal 1422, i dati dei censimenti e le mappe degli sgomberi che raccontano una geografia altrimenti difficilmente intellegibile