A defined bacterial community restores immunity in germ-free mice via maturation of the intestinal vascular system

The intestinal microbiota constitutes one of the most important symbiotic relationships between animals and microbes. The host provides nutrients and protection while gut microbes shape animal physiology and evolution. Gnotobiology research has expanded our knowledge on microbial-host interactions by allowing the identification and cultivation of isolated members of the gut microbiota to administrate into gnotobiotic animals. In the current study, we identified a minimal bacterial consortium consisting of 14 isolated commensals (OMM12+MC2) that restored immunocompetence in germ-free mice to eliminate Citrobacter rodentium infections. While germ-free animals exhibited an impaired neutrophil migration into the colon during infection, the addition of OMM12+MC2 bacteria promoted intestinal endothelial activation and angiogenesis to ensure a proper leukocyte migration and pathogen elimination. Moreover, in a proof-of-concept approach, OMM12+MC2 bacteria also showed potential therapeutic properties by promoting C. rodentium elimination in asymptomatic carrier mice. This study contributes to the understanding of how gut microbes modulate the maturation of the intestinal vascular system to favor the elimination of an enteric pathogen and provides evidence that selected commensals can potentially be used to treat persistent enteric infections

La neuroeducación y el aprendizaje en la educación infantil

La presente investigación pretende dar alcances a la comunidad educativa enfocando su estudio a los aportes de la neurociencia en la neuroeducación para el aprendizaje en la infancia. La recopilación de material bibliográfico yace en revistas indexadas alojadas en bases de datos como Scielo, Redalib, Dialnet, Redib entre otras, lo que hizo posible la extracción de información confiable. El objetivo general busca determinar el aporte de la neuroeducación en el aprendizaje en la etapa infantil. En cuanto al diseño metodológico se realizó una investigación de tipo básica con enfoque cualitativo documental basada en la revisión de literatura para lo cual se hizo una selección de publicaciones con pertinencia al tema de investigación. Para la recolección de datos se eligió la técnica de análisis documental haciendo uso de las fichas bibliográficas para el registro de datos propios de las publicaciones. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación hacen notable la importancia que tiene profundizar los estudios acerca de neurociencia para conducir al estudiante desde una perspectiva científica, a conseguir mejoras en sus procesos de aprendizaje, por lo que se concluye que aplicar neuroeducación en el diseño de estrategias de los contenidos educativos dará mejores resultados

Leaching of pure chalcocite in a chloride media using sea water and wastewater

Chalcocite is the most important and abundant secondary copper ore in the world with a rapid dissolution of copper in an acid-chloride environment. In this investigation, the methodology of surface optimization will be applied to evaluate the e_ect of three independent variables (time, concentration of sulfuric acid and chloride concentration) in the leaching of pure chalcocite to extract the copper with the objective of obtaining a quadratic model that allows us to predict the extraction of copper. The kinetics of copper dissolution in regard to the function of temperature is also analyzed. An ANOVA indicates that the linear variables with the greatest influence are time and the chloride concentration. Also, the concentration of chloride-time exerts a significant synergic e_ect in the quadratic model. The ANOVA indicates that the quadratic model is representative and the R2 value of 0.92 is valid. The highest copper extraction (67.75%) was obtained at 48 h leaching under conditions of 2 mol/L H2SO4 and 100 g/L chloride. The XRD analysis shows the formation of a stable and non-polluting residue; such as elemental sulfur (S0). This residue was obtained in a leaching time of 4 h at room temperature under conditions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 50 g/L Cl.The authors are grateful for the contribution of the Scientific Equipment Unit- MAINI of the Universidad Católica del Norte for aiding in generating data by automated electronic microscopy QEMSCAN® and for facilitating the chemical analysis of the solutions. We are also grateful to the Altonorte Mining Company for supporting this research and providing slag for this study, and we thank to Marina Vargas Aleuy and María Barraza Bustos of the Universidad Católica del Norte for supporting the experimental tests

FEF Excitability in Attentional Bias: A TMS-EEG Study

The role of distinct cortical regions in guiding social orienting needs further investigation. Our aim was to explore the contribution of the frontal eye field (FEF) in early orienting of attention towards stimuli with social value. We used a TMS-EEG approach to investigate event related potentials (ERPs; no-TMS block) and TMS evoked potentials (TEPs; TMS block) during the cueing phase of a modified version of the dot-probe task, comparing competing (face vs. house) and not competing (house vs. house) conditions. Our results revealed an increased amplitude of ERP components in the competing condition, showing greater posterior N170 and fronto-central vertex positive potential (VPP) and an enhanced frontal negative component at 250–270 ms from cue onset. TMS pulses over the FEF induced similar N170 and VPP amplified components. In addition, in the ERPs, a reduced positivity at 400 ms was shown when the face appeared on the left side vs. the right side of space. In contrast, in the TMS blocks, we found lateralized effects on N170 depending on the side of face presentation. The enhanced cortical excitability induced by TMS over the right FEF significantly correlated with the performance on the behavioral task, suggesting a link between the FEF activity during the cueing phase of the dot-probe task and the subsequent behavioral response times to the targets

Body weight impact of the sugar- sweetened beverages tax in Mexican children: A modeling study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156213/3/ijpo12636_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156213/2/ijpo12636-sup-0001-supinfo.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156213/1/ijpo12636.pd

Probing empirical contact networks by simulation of spreading dynamics

Disease, opinions, ideas, gossip, etc. all spread on social networks. How these networks are connected (the network structure) influences the dynamics of the spreading processes. By investigating these relationships one gains understanding both of the spreading itself and the structure and function of the contact network. In this chapter, we will summarize the recent literature using simulation of spreading processes on top of empirical contact data. We will mostly focus on disease simulations on temporal proximity networks -- networks recording who is close to whom, at what time -- but also cover other types of networks and spreading processes. We analyze 29 empirical networks to illustrate the methods

Multicentre Surveillance of Candida Species from Blood Cultures during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Southern Europe (CANCoVEU Project)

Introduction: Surveillance of Candida species isolates from blood cultures (BCs) in Europe is considered fragmented, unable to allow the definition of targets of antifungal stewardship recommendations especially during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: We performed a multicentric retrospective study including all consecutive BC Candida isolates from six Southern European tertiary hospitals (1st January 2020 to 31st December 2021). Etiology, antifungal susceptibility patterns, and clinical setting were analyzed and compared. Results: C. albicans was the dominant species (45.1%), while C. auris was undetected. Candida species positive BC events increased significantly in COVID-19 ICUs in 2021 but decreased in other ICUs. Resistance to azole increased significantly and remained very high in C. albicans (fluconazole from 0.7% to 4.5%, p = 0.03) and C. parapsilosis complex (fluconazole up to 24.5% and voriconazole up to 8.9%), respectively. Resistance to caspofungin was remarkable in C. tropicalis (10%) and C. krusei (20%), while resistance to at least one echinocandin increased in 2021, especially in C. parapsilosis complex (from 0.8% to 5.1%, p = 0.05). Although no significant differences were observed over the study period, fluconazole and echinocandin resistance increased in COVID-19 ICUs by up to 14% and 5.8%, respectively, but remained undetected in non-intensive COVID-19 wards. Conclusions: Antifungal stewardship activities aimed at monitoring resistance to echinocandin in C. tropicalis and C. krusei, and against the spread of fluconazole resistant C. parapsilosis complex isolates are highly desirable. In COVID-19 patients, antifungal resistance was mostly present when the illness had a critical course.publishersversionpublishe

Cooperation strategies as a source of competitiveness: Case study of the furniture cluster in Atlántico region in Colombia

En este trabajo se presenta el análisis y diagnóstico del clúster de muebles del Atlántico, resultado de una interacción directa con las empresas vinculadas a él. Lo anterior, enmarcado en el proceso de desarrollo de estrategias de cooperación que permitan mejorar la competitividad del mismo. De esta forma, se han obtenido elementos y escenarios claves donde hay disposición para cooperar.This work presents the analysis and diagnosis of the Atlantic furniture cluster, as the result of a direct interaction with the companies related to it. The above, framed in the process of developing cooperation strategies that will allow to improve its competitiveness. In this way, key elements and scenarios have been obtained where there is willingness to cooperate.This work presents the analysis and diagnosis of the Atlantic furniture cluster, as the result of a direct interaction with the companies related to it. The above, framed in the process of developing cooperation strategies that will allow to improve its competitiveness. In this way, key elements and scenarios have been obtained where there is willingness to cooperate

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Descripción: A través del desarrollo de la asignatura, los estudiantes toman consciencia sobre la importancia de las diferentes herramientas de inteligencia comercial internacional y como estas deben ser aplicadas para el análisis de mercados, productos y consumidores. A través del análisis de la información de diferentes mercados, productos y consumidores del mundo, el alumno desarrollará su capacidad de identificar oportunidades de negocios, nichos de mercado y propuestas de valor derivadas del análisis internacional con el fin de utilizarlos para tomar decisiones respecto a las estrategias comerciales en el contexto internacional. Este curso contribuye con el desarrollo de las competencias generales y específicas de la carrera de Administración y Negocios Internacionales. Propósito: El curso de Inteligencia comercial internacional ha sido diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro Administrador de Negocios Internacionales desarrollar la capacidad de realizar investigación de mercados internacionales haciendo uso de herramientas y bases de datos eficaces para su ejercicio profesional. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencia específica: Formulación de Proyectos Internacionales (nivel 1). Es un curso de especialidad de la carrera