Avaliação multicritério e SIG vectorial: uma alternativa para planeamento de transportes

Este trabalho tem por objectivo apresentar um modelo concebido para permitir a integração de métodos de avaliação multicritério em ambiente SIG vectorial. A avaliação da acessibilidade, aqui modelada, para além de ser um problema típico, complexo e quase permanente no planeamento de transportes, adequa-se bem ao modelo concebido pelo fato de conter alguns dos principais elementos que caracterizam os problemas de transportes (caso da análise de fluxos em rede). O modelo proposto, além de basear-se na medição de afastamento incluindo o efeito da distância, permite também o desenvolvimento de cenários de avaliação baseados na atitude de risco e compensação entre critérios, obtendo-se desta forma um espectro estratégico de avaliação. Por fim, um exemplo de aplicação que consiste na avaliação interna de um campus universitário em Portugal, aponta o potencial do modelo proposto para a avaliação da acessibilidade, abrindo perspectivas para sua aplicação em outros problemas de transportes.The aim of this work is to present a model built to allow the integration of multicriteria evaluation methods into a vector GIS environment. The accessibility assessment, which was explored here, in addition to be a typical, complex and almost permanent problem of transport planning, fits well to the conceived model because it contains some of the main elements that characterize transport models (such as flow network analysis). The proposed modeling approach, which is more than merely a measure of separation incorporating the effect of distance, allows the development of evaluation scenarios based on different trade-off and risk attitudes, i.e., a decision strategy spectrum. Finally, an application example, which consists in the internal evaluation of a university campus in Portugal, reveals the potential of the proposed model for evaluating accessibility, therefore opening perspectives to its application to other transport problems

Avaliação multicritério da acessibilidade em ambiente SIG: o caso de um campus universitário

Ao longo dos últimos anos, o crescimento contínuo das comunidades universitárias atingiu proporções tais que motivaram a expansão e a actualização dos campi universitários. Visando uma melhoria da oferta de instalações e serviços, quer qualitativa quer quantitativa, essa expansão tomou contornos tão expressivos que justificam uma avaliação da acessibilidade interna. O objectivo desta análise é procurar identificar áreas ou, mais especificamente, locais que apresentem um eventual défice de acessibilidade do ponto de vista pedonal (por este ser modo de locomoção predominante). Os resultados servirão de apoio na procura de medidas no sentido de corrigir ou prevenir este tipo de problema. A título de exemplo, apontam-se algumas das causas, a saber, a edificação de novas instalações em zonas de baixa acessibilidade sem que aconteça um reajuste dos acessos ou, simplesmente, a diminuição da acessibilidade global (em relação ao campus remodelado) do espaço inicialmente atribuído a um serviço fundamental, impondo-se assim a sua deslocaçãopara uma zona mais conveniente. Neste trabalhoé apresentado um modelo de avaliação multicritério da acessibilidadeque permite o desenvolvimento de cenários de avaliação baseados na atitude de risco e compensação entre critérios, obtendo-se desta forma um espectro estratégico de avaliação. Inserido num ambiente SIG, é contemplada a componente espacialao apresentar os resultados sob a forma de superfícies contínuas,favorecendo-se a leitura dos níveis de acessibilidade ao longo da área em estudo. A aplicação prática incidiu sobre a avaliação da acessibilidadeinterna de um campus universitário, reflectindo-se o ponto de vista da comunidade utenteatravés da elaboração de um inquérito para a recolha de dados de base. Este exemplo de avaliação de acessibilidade, por se realizarcom recurso à técnica de avaliação multicritério integrada a um SIG vectorial, abre ainda perspectivas de aplicação do modelo proposto para outros problemas de planeamento de transportes

The Transforming Industry in the North Region: Effects of the European Integration, 1986-1995

A integração de Portugal na Comunidade Económica Europeia/UniãoEuropeia, a partir de 1 de Janeiro de 1986, constituiu um marco significativo da nossa História recente. Por isso, há que avaliar quais as repercussões de tal integração, sob os diversos pontos de vista. No estudo que se segue, focaremos o assunto apenas no que concerne à indústria transformadora na Região Norte. Começa-se por enquadrar, histórica e geograficamente, a área em estudo, ou seja, a dita Região Norte. Esta integra diversas subregiões, com as suas especificidades, sobretudo em termos de actividades predominantes e do respectivo desenvolvimento económico. No que à indústria diz respeito, destaca-se o Vale do Ave que, por isso mesmo, merece uma atenção especial. Seguidamente, analisam-se os recursos humanos, particularmente no que toca à qualificação escolar dos trabalhadores por conta de outrem e respectiva evolução, no período em foco (1986-1995). A melhoria da qualificação dos efectivos, relativamente à sua formação, tem vindo a repercutir-se nos diversos sectores de actividade, embora de forma desigual em cada um deles. Por último, dedicar-se-á a devida atenção ao desenvolvimento industrial verificado ultimamente, com destaque para os ramos mais significativos: têxtil, vestuário e calçado. Tratando-se do principal pólo de especialização industrial português, estudam-se alguns dos elementos que caracterizam o modelo industrialização em curso, o tipo de empresas mais comum, a qualidade dos produtos, os factores de competitividade e os sinais de mudança.The integration of Portugal in the European Economic Community/European Union, on 1st January 1986, was a very important step in our recent History. Therefore, we have to assess the repercussions of this integration from every point of view. In this study we will limit our discussion to the transforming industry in the North Region. We start by doing an historical and geographical framework of the area under study, that is to say, the North Region. This region integrates many sub-regions, with their specificities, namely as regards the main activities and economic development. As far as the industry is concerned, we highlight Vale do Ave, therefore it deserves a very special attention. Afterwards, we analyse the human resources concerning particularly the academic background of the employees and their evolution during the period on focus (1986-1995). The improvement of the permanent workers’ academic background has been having repercussions on the various industrial sectors, though in different ways on which one of them. At last, we will emphasize the latest industrial development in the following sectors: textile, clothing and footwear. We will study some of the elements that characterise the present industrialisation model, which is the main Portuguese pole of industrial specialisation, the most common type of companies, the quality of the products, the competitiveness factors and the change signals

Volumetric and chromatic reintegration in conservation of in situ glazed tiles

Volumetric and chromatic reintegration is one of the most important but challenging treatments in conservation of in situ glazed tiles due to the need to protect them from water intrusion and further deterioration despise the demanding conditions and requirements needed in outdoor exposure. A set of six infill pastes based on aerial lime, hydraulic lime, aerial lime plus vinylic resin, epoxy resin and polyester resin binders was selected based on materials applied in previously reported interventions and the experience of professionals working in the field. The laboratory studies included the characterization of the infill pastes with and without chromatic reintegration/coating layer (SEM, MIP, porosity, water absorption, water vapour permeability, adhesion to the ceramic) and their behaviour after cure, artificial ageing (salt ageing, UV-Temp-RH cycles) and natural ageing. The results obtained allowed to formulate some considerations about these materials, their different characteristics and their performance when applied in the infill of architectural tile lacunae. The laboratory results have been compared with the performance of similar treatments surveyed on sites where they had been applied

Systematic Review of Emotion Detection with Computer Vision and Deep Learning

Funding: This work was supported by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), I.P., under the project UIDB/04524/2020.Emotion recognition has become increasingly important in the field of Deep Learning (DL) and computer vision due to its broad applicability by using human–computer interaction (HCI) in areas such as psychology, healthcare, and entertainment. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of facial and pose emotion recognition using DL and computer vision, analyzing and evaluating 77 papers from different sources under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our review covers several topics, including the scope and purpose of the studies, the methods employed, and the used datasets. The scope of this work is to conduct a systematic review of facial and pose emotion recognition using DL methods and computer vision. The studies were categorized based on a proposed taxonomy that describes the type of expressions used for emotion detection, the testing environment, the currently relevant DL methods, and the datasets used. The taxonomy of methods in our review includes Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN), Vision Transformer (ViT), and “Other NNs”, which are the most commonly used models in the analyzed studies, indicating their trendiness in the field. Hybrid and augmented models are not explicitly categorized within this taxonomy, but they are still important to the field. This review offers an understanding of state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms and datasets for emotion recognition through facial expressions and body poses, allowing researchers to understand its fundamental components and trends.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Metabolic specialization in pre-pubertal young footballers

Avaliou-se as respostas fisiológicas de vinte e duas crianças pré-pubescentes em testes de potência aeróbia (PA) e potência anaeróbia (PAN). Onze sujeitos futebolistas federados (T) e onze sujeitos sem prática desportiva formal (NT). O grupo T tinha 11,3 ± 0,5 anos de idade (Idd) tendo o NT apresentado uma Idd de 10,9 ± 0,3 anos. Utilizando o protocolo de Balke modificado com análise directa de gases (Cosmed K4b2, Rome) avaliou-se o consumo de oxigénio absoluto e relativo (VO2Abs e VO2Rel), a ventilação (VE) e a frequência cardíaca (FCB). Enquanto que, num teste anaeróbio (protocolo Wingate - WAnT), avaliou-se o pico de potência absoluto e relativo (PPabs e PPrel), o pico de potência médio absoluto e relativo (APabs e APrel), o índice de fadiga (%DP) e a frequência cardíaca (FCWant). Analisaram-se os resultados (PASW 18.0). Verificou-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas variáveis de FCB ;d͗ ϭϵϯ͕ϳ ц ϳ͕ϭϭ ďͻŵŝŶ-1; NT: FCB͗ ϭϬϰ͕ϱ ц ϱ͕ϵϳ ďͻŵŝŶ-1), de PP (T: 333,2 ± 39,0 watts; NT: 288,6 ± 59,4 watts) e AP (T: 210,5 ± 22,1 watts; NT: 183,5 ± 31,8 watts). Concluiu-se assim que, para a amostra analisada, não se verifica a existência de especialização metabólica.- This study compares the physiological response in aerobic and anaerobic potency tests in order to evaluate if there is metabolic specialization in pre pubertal children. Eleven subjects trained (age: 11.3 ± 0.5 years old) in football (T) whereas the other eleven (age: 10.9 ± 0.3 years old) without any formal sports training (NT). Both groups were matched for Tanner Maturity Test stage I. Using the modified Balke protocol with direct gas analysis and treadmill, the absolute and relative uptakes of oxygen (VO2Abs e VO2Rel), the Ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HRB) were evaluated. Using the Wingate protocol for anaerobic parameters (WAnT) and a cycle ergometer, the relative and absolute peak power ( PPAbs e PPRel) were calculated, as well as the average absolute and relative power (APPAbs e APPRel), the drop power (%DP) and the heart rate (HRW). There were significant differences (PASW 18.0) between the groups in the HRB (T: ϭϵϯ͘ϳ ц ϳ͘ϭϭ ď ͻ ŵŝŶ-1; NT: HRB͗ ϭϬϰ͘ϱ ц ϱ͘ϵϳ ď ͻ ŵŝŶ-1), PPAbs (T: 333.2 ± 39.0 W; NT: 288.6 ± 59.4 W), and APAbs (T: 210.5 ± 22.1 W; NT: 183.5 ± 31.8 W) variables. Therefore, it was concluded that there wasn’t metabolic specialization in the sample analyzed

Assessment of perioperative mortality risk in patients with infective endocarditis undergoing cardiac surgery: performance of the EuroSCORE I and II logistic models

OBJECTIVES: The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) has been established as a tool for assisting decision- making in surgical patients and as a benchmark for quality assessment. Infective endocarditis often equires surgical treatment and is associated with high mortality. This study was undertaken to (i) validate both versions of the EuroSCORE, the older logistic EuroSCORE I and the recently developed EuroSCORE II and to compare their performances; (ii) identify predictors other than those included in the EuroSCORE models that might further improve their performance. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 128 patients from a single-centre registry who underwent heart surgery for active infective endocarditis between January 2007 and November 2014. Binary logistic regression was used to find independent predictors of mortality and to create a new prediction model. Discrimination and calibration of models were assessed by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, calibration curves and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. RESULTS: The observed perioperative mortality was 16.4% (n = 21). The median EuroSCORE I and EuroSCORE II were 13.9% interquartile range (IQ) (7.0–35.0) and 6.6% IQ (3.5–18.2), respectively. Discriminative power was numerically higher for EuroSCORE II {area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75–0.91]} than for EuroSCORE I [0.75 (95% CI, 0.66–0.85), P = 0.09]. The Hosmer– Lemeshow test showed good calibration for EuroSCORE II (P = 0.08) but not for EuroSCORE I (P = 0.04). EuroSCORE I tended to overpredict and EuroSCORE II to under-predict mortality. Among the variables known to be associated with greater infective endocarditis severity, only prosthetic valve infective endocarditis remained an independent predictor of mortality [odds ratio (OR) 6.6; 95% CI, 1.1–39.5; P = 0.04]. The new model including the EuroSCORE II variables and variables known to be associated with greater infective endocarditis severity showed an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79–0.94) and differed significantly from EuroSCORE I (P = 0.03) but not from EuroSCORE II (P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Both EuroSCORE I and II satisfactorily stratify risk in active infective endocarditis; however, EuroSCORE II performed better in the overall comparison. Specific endocarditis features will increase model complexity without an unequivocal improvement in predictive ability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Metrologia na Saúde - Guia de Boas Práticas - Parte II Capitulo IV Desfrilhadores

Na prática clínica hospitalar e extra-hospitalar, várias são as situações em que atos terapêuticos são preconizados com recurso a instrumentos médicos com função de medição. Os desfibrilhadores constituem um exemplo de equipamento médico, cuja função vital é amplamente conhecida pela população em geral. Neste contexto, os desfibrilhadores são instrumentos médicos com função de medição da energia que é aplicada na região cardiotorácica do corpo humano, para a reposição do ritmo cardíaco, em cenário de emergência.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of rearing systems in the Eastern Amazon on cholesterol, β-carotene and vitamin E homologues in steer

IntroductionThe quality of meat, with a focus on compounds important for human health, is directly related to the rearing systems in which the animals are produced. The search for a balanced diet, with an emphasis on low cholesterol and adequate levels of vitamins, aligns with society’s emphasis on healthy eating, directly correlated with the importance of the offer made by producers for the cattle’s diet.Objective and methodologyThe objective was to verify the impact of different rearing systems, in the Eastern Amazon, during the rainy season, on the concentrations of vitamins (A, E) and cholesterol in the muscle (Longissimus lumborum) of crossbred Nelore cattle, castrated, aged between 24 and 36 months, and weighing between 410 and 628 kg. Twelve animals, from each of the three pasture rearing systems: native pasture in flooded areas of Monte Alegre; native pasture in a flooded area of Santa Cruz do Arari; and pasture cultivated on dry land in São Miguel do Guamá, all located in Pará, Brazil—were sampled in commercial slaughterhouses.ResultsA notable influence was observed in the concentrations of β-carotene (p < 0.01), α-Tocopherol (p = 0.02), β-Tocopherol (p < 0.01) and the combined sum of β-Tocotrienol and γ-Tocopherol (p < 0.01), as well as δ-Tocopherol (p < 0.01) when contrasting extensive with intensive systems (confinement). However, there was a difference in the content of vitamins and cholesterol between the isolated extensive systems, or between the four rearing systems (p > 0.05). Extensive systems, mainly in Monte Alegre, demonstrated greater amounts of α-Tocopherol and δ-Tocopherol.ConclusionOn the other hand, the intensive system exhibited higher levels of other investigated compounds, clarifying the nutritional variations generated by different livestock rearing practices in the region. Therefore, the results obtained are innovative in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil, in addition to inspiring the development of new research to meet other demands in this field, and achieve additional results, such as determining which meat, coming from cattle in production systems in the country, presents the better compositional quality of vitamins and lipids

Metrology in Health – Good Practices Guide - Part II - Chapter III - Infusion Pumps

In the human body, the circulatory system is responsible for the process of transporting blood, which among many other functions delivers nutrients to the cells. In accordance with this physiological principle, supporting methodologies for therapeutic processes were developed that have enabled medical measuring instruments to be developed. It was within this context that the first infusion pumps appeared in the 60 s and 70 s, that by using a pressure higher than the blood pressure allowed fluids to be administered directly into the human body, including medications, blood components, and nutrients amongst others. Currently and according to the international standard IEC 60601-2-24 these devices are designated by infusion pumps. Because it is an infusion pump with the respective accessories, the term perfusion systems is also used as nomenclature throughout this document.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio