Desnutrição associada à giardíase em escolares: Análise de parâmetros antropométricos e socioeconômicos / Malnutrition associated with giardiasis in school children: Analysis of anthropometric and socioeconomic parameters

Giardia lamblia é um dos principais protozoários que causa diarréia em crianças de países em desenvolvimento, assim esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de infecção por Giardia sp nas crianças de uma creche pública do Recife, correlacionando os aspectos antropométricos e socioeconômicos, tais como: tabagismo na família, aleitamento materno, renda e escolaridade materna. A frequência foi determinada através de amostras fecais processadas de acordo com os métodos de Hoffman e Faust. Crianças com infecção por outros parasitos foram eliminadas do estudo. A prevalência foi correlacionada com aspectos antropométricos e sociais. A análise desses dados mostrou haver associação estatisticamente significante da infecção por Giardia sp com os baixos índices de IMC (p=0,0293) e com o baixo grau de aleitamento materno (p=0,0447), além de mostrar associação parcialmente significante com a baixa renda familiar (p=0,09). Os resultados sugerem haver associação entre a infecção e desnutrição e aleitamento materno inadequado (por um período menor que 6 meses). A renda familiar sugere uma forte tendência à infecção nas classes sociais mais baixas

Microbiological quality of drinking rainwater in the inland region of Pajeú, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

Despite all efforts to store and reduce its consumption, water is becoming less inexhaustible and its quality is falling faster. Considering that water is essential to animal life, it is necessary to adopt measures to ensure its sanitary conditions in order to be fit for consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiological quality of drinking rainwater used by rural communities of Tuparetama, a small town located in Northeast Brazil. The study covered seven rural communities, totaling 66 households. In each household two samples were collected, one from a tank and the other from a clay pot located inside the home, resulting in 132 samples (tank plus clay pot). Approximately 90% of samples were below the standard recommended by the current legislation, being considered unfit for human consumption. Part of this high microbiological contamination of drinking rainwater could be related to the lack of sanitary education and of an adequate sewerage sanitation system

Qualidade microbiológica da água potável no interior, região de Pajeú, Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil

Despite all efforts to store and reduce its consumption, water is becoming less inexhaustible and its quality is falling faster. Considering that water is essential to animal life, it is necessary to adopt measures to ensure its sanitary conditions in order to be fit for consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiological quality of drinking rainwater used by rural communities of Tuparetama, a small town located in Northeast Brazil. The study covered seven rural communities, totaling 66 households. In each household two samples were collected, one from a tank and the other from a clay pot located inside the home, resulting in 132 samples (tank plus clay pot). Approximately 90% of samples were below the standard recommended by the current legislation, being considered unfit for human consumption. Part of this high microbiological contamination of drinking rainwater could be related to the lack of sanitary education and of an adequate sewerage sanitation system.Apesar de todos os esforços para armazenar e diminuir o seu consumo, a água está se tornando, cada vez menos, inesgotável e sua qualidade vem se reduzindo cada vez mais rápido. Sendo a água imprescindível à vida animal, é necessário que se adotem medidas para garantir sua qualidade higiênico-sanitária a fim de que seja própria para o consumo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a qualidade microbiológica da água da chuva utilizada pelas comunidades rurais da cidade de Tuparetama, localizada no nordeste do Brasil. O estudo envolveu sete comunidades rurais, totalizando 66 residências. Em cada residência foram coletadas duas amostras, uma da água armazenada na cisterna e outra da água armazenada no pote de barro localizado no interior da residência, resultando em 132 amostras (cisterna mais pote de barro). Aproximadamente, 90% das amostras estavam em desacordo com a Legislação vigente, sendo consideradas impróprias para o consumo humano. Parte dessa elevada contaminação microbiológica da água da chuva armazenada para consumo pode dever-se à falta de educação sanitária e de um sistema de esgotamento sanitário adequado

Presença de Cryptosporidium spp em crianças com diarréia aguda em uma creche pública de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco Presence of Cryptosporidium spp in children with acute diarrhea in a public daycare center in Recife, State of Pernambuco

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a freqüência de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp em amostras fecais de crianças, de 1 a 14 anos, de uma creche pública localizada em uma comunidade carente da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de 28 de junho de 2006 a 3 de abril de 2007, e envolveu 182 crianças. Das amostras analisadas 59 (32,4%) foram positivas quanto à presença de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp, e a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 3 a 5 anos de idade (54,2%). A alta freqüência de amostras positivas para Cryptosporidium spp obtidas neste estudo comprovam que creches são ambientes propícios a essa ocorrência devido ao contato direto entre criança-criança, crianças e funcionários. A maior via de infecção por Cryptosporidium spp é a transmissão interpessoal, que é bem ilustrada em creches. A imaturidade, deficiências do sistema imune e hábitos higiênicos inadequados são fatores que também contribuem para esse tipo de infecção.The objective of the present study was to analyze the frequency of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp in fecal samples from children aged one to fourteen years at a public daycare center located in a needy community in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. The investigation was carried out between June 28, 2006, and April 3, 2007, and involved 182 children. Among the samples analyzed, 59 (32.4%) were positive regarding the presence of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp, and the age group most affected was between three and five years (54.2%). The high frequency of samples positive for Cryptosporidium spp obtained in this study confirms that daycare centers are an environment that favors such occurrences, because of the direct contact between children or between children and staff. The most important infection route for Cryptosporidium spp is person-to-person transmission, which is well illustrated in daycare centers. Immaturity, deficiencies of the immune system and inadequate hygiene habits are factors that also contribute towards this type of infection

Microbiological quality of drinking rainwater in the inland region of Pajeú, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

Despite all efforts to store and reduce its consumption, water is becoming less inexhaustible and its quality is falling faster. Considering that water is essential to animal life, it is necessary to adopt measures to ensure its sanitary conditions in order to be fit for consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiological quality of drinking rainwater used by rural communities of Tuparetama, a small town located in Northeast Brazil. The study covered seven rural communities, totaling 66 households. In each household two samples were collected, one from a tank and the other from a clay pot located inside the home, resulting in 132 samples (tank plus clay pot). Approximately 90% of samples were below the standard recommended by the current legislation, being considered unfit for human consumption. Part of this high microbiological contamination of drinking rainwater could be related to the lack of sanitary education and of an adequate sewerage sanitation system

Relato de experiência - aplicação do teatro infantil como ferramenta de educação em saúde em escola particular de Recife / Experience report - application of child theater as a tool for health education in private school of Recife

Infecções decorrentes de parasitoses representam uma grande causa de morbidade no Brasil e no mundo. Esse problema de saúde pública tem como uma das principais medidas a profilaxia por meio do saneamento básico e a educação sanitária, ambos em minoria no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho, usando como ferramenta peça teatral de educação sanitária em escola privada do Recife, foi estimular  o debate e a fixação do conhecimento acerca das parasitoses mais recorrentes no Brasil e suas formas de prevenção. A metodologia utilizada para isso constituiu-se do método de aprendizado Piaget, através de teatro interativo com crianças do ensino fundamental. Como conclusão, constatou-se que a experiência foi bem sucedida, uma vez que as crianças demonstraram um aprendizado ativo referente aos temas abordados

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author