Fouille d’un quartier funéraire des I^er et II^e s. dans le <i>suburbium</i> de Soissons/<i>Augusta Suessionum</i> : aires de crémation et inhumations d’enfants

International audienceIn the beginning of 2008 a preventive excavation has been conducted on about 1200 m2 of a large antique cemetery situated upon the butte Saint-Jean at Soissons (Aisne). In this cemetery, almost unknown, located south-west of the Roman town Augusta Suessionum a consistent activity in the part being excavated took place between the Augustan era and mid 2nd c. The total number of inhumations uncovered is 186 (mainly of infants). Cremations were executed from the very beginning altogether with inhumations, in more or less close proximity to them according to periods, then became predominant to the detriment of burials which were just previously arranged. Different structures clearly connected to cremation have been in function within clusters original for the most part of them. Nearly a hundred have been uncovered. In relation with probable ustrina, 70 burials have been discovered, laid near structures being used for cremation. All the stages of these practices can be seen, inside a ground very often reshaped. Deposits contained numerous grave goods (pottery, coins, brooches, mirrors, food) and show human activities and funerary practices inside one of the earliest antique funerary areas of the chief town of the civitas Suessionum.La fouille préventive au sein d’un vaste cimetière antique situé sur la butte Saint-Jean à Soissons dans l’Aisne, fut entreprise au début de l’année 2008 sur environ 1 200 m2. Cette nécropole mal connue, établie au sud-ouest de la ville antique d’Augusta Suessionum, fut le théâtre, en ce qui concerne l’emprise fouillée, d’une intense activité entre la fin du règne d’Auguste et le milieu du IIe s. Le nombre des inhumations mises au jour s’élève à 186 et concerne essentiellement de très jeunes enfants. Dès l’origine, des crémations coexistèrent avec ces inhumations, à proximité plus ou moins immédiate selon les périodes, jusqu’à devenir l’activité principale au détriment des sépultures à inhumation. Différentes structures se rapportant aux pratiques de la crémation ont été interprétées comme fonctionnant au sein d’ensembles, pour la plupart d’aspect inédit. Près d’une centaine a été dénombrée. Situées à proximité et découlant naturellement de l’utilisation de ce qui semble ainsi bien être des bûchers funéraires, 70 sépultures à incinération ont été mises au jour. Différentes étapes de ces pratiques sont représentées dans cette fouille, au sein d’un terrain maintes fois remanié et d’approche ardue. Les dépôts fouillés fournissent un mobilier abondant qui accompagne le défunt (céramiques, monnaies, fibules, miroirs, dépôts alimentaires) et témoignent des activités humaines et des coutumes funéraires de l’une des plus anciennes nécropoles antiques du chef-lieu de la cité des Suessiones

ELFE, a database to determine greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions factors from livestock

ELFE, a database to determine greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions factors from livestock. 20. Nitrogen Workshop. Coupling C-N-P-S cycle

Deciphering the evolution of the Milky Way discs: Gaia APOGEE Kepler giant stars and the Besançon Galaxy Model

[Context] Thanks to ongoing efforts to compute accurate stellar ages, we are able to characterise stars in different regions of the Milky Way. The Gaia and Kepler space-missions, along with ground-based spectroscopic surveys such as APOGEE, provide a unique way to study the chemo-kinematics relations as a function of age through the Galactic stellar populations and provide new constraints to Galactic evolution models. [Aims] We investigate the properties of the double sequences of the Milky Way discs visible in the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagram, which are usually associated to the chemical thin and thick discs at the solar circle. In the framework of Galactic formation and evolution, we discuss the complex relationships between age, metallicity, [α/Fe], and the radial, azimuthal, and vertical components of the space velocities. [Methods] We study stars with measured chemical and seismic properties from the APOGEE spectroscopic survey and the Kepler satellite, respectively. In addition, astrometry from the Gaia satellite is available for the majority of the sample. We separate the [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] diagram into three stellar populations: the thin disc, the high-α metal-poor thick disc, and the high-α metal-rich thick disc and characterise each of these in the age-chemo-kinematics parameter space. Because of the model-dependent nature of the ages inferred from asteroseismology, and because they depend on the quality of the input spectroscopic information, we compare results obtained from different APOGEE data releases (DR14 and DR16). We also use age determinations from two recent works in the literature. In addition, we use the Besançon stellar populations synthesis model to highlight selection biases and mechanisms (such as mergers and secular evolution) not included in the model. [Results] The thin disc exhibits a flat age-metallicity relation while [α/Fe] increases with stellar age. We confirm no correlation between radial and vertical velocities with [Fe/H], [α/Fe], and age for each stellar population. Considering both samples, Vφ decreases with age for the thin disc, while Vφ increases with age for the high-α metal-poor thick disc. We show that this difference is not due to sample selection. Although the age distribution of the high-α metal-rich thick disc is very close to that of the high-α metal-poor thick disc between 7 and 14 Gyr, its kinematics seems to follow that of the thin disc. This feature, not predicted by the hypotheses included in the Besançon Galaxy Model, suggests a different origin and history for this population. Finally, we show that there is a maximum dispersion of the vertical velocity, σZ, with age for the high-α metal-poor thick disc around 8 Gyr. The comparisons with the Besançon Galaxy Model simulations suggest a more complex chemo-dynamical scheme to explain this feature, most likely including mergers and radial migration effects.F.F., A.F., R.M., M.R., T.A. acknowledge support by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (MICIU/FEDER, UE) through grant RTI2018-095076-B-C21, the Institute of Cosmos Sciences University of Barcelona (ICCUB, Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”) through grant CEX2019-000918-M, the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship RYC2018-025968-I. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 800502. AM acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 772293 – project ASTEROCHRONOMETRY, https://www.asterochronometry.eu

Back and forth: day–night alternation between cover types reveals complementary use of habitats in a large herbivore

Context The Complementary Habitat Hypothesis posits that animals access resources for different needs by moving between complementary habitats that can be seen as ‘resource composites’. These movements can occur over a range of temporal scales, from diurnal to seasonal, in response to multiple drivers such as access to food, weather constraints, risk avoidance and human disturbance. Within this framework, we hypothesised that large herbivores cope with human-altered landscapes through the alternate use of complementary habitats at both daily and seasonal scales. Objectives We tested the Complementary Habitat Hypothesis in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) by classifying 3900 habitat-annotated movement trajectories of 154 GPS-monitored individuals across contrasting landscapes. Methods We considered day-night alternation between open food-rich and closed refuge habitats as a measure of complementary habitat use. We first identified day–night alternation using the Individual Movement - Sequence Analysis Method, then we modelled the proportion of day–night alternation over the year in relation to population and individual characteristics. Results We found that day-night alternation is a widespread behaviour in roe deer, even across markedly different landscapes. Day–night alternation followed seasonal trends in all populations, partly linked to vegetation phenology. Within populations, seasonal patterns of open/closed habitat alternation differed between male and female adults, but not in juveniles. Conclusion Our results support the Complementary Habitat Hypothesis by showing that roe deer adjust their access to the varied resources available in complex landscapes by including different habitats within their home range, and sequentially alternating between them in response to seasonal changes and individual life history.publishedVersio

Back and forth: day–night alternation between cover types reveals complementary use of habitats in a large herbivore

Context The Complementary Habitat Hypothesis posits that animals access resources for different needs by moving between complementary habitats that can be seen as ‘resource composites’. These movements can occur over a range of temporal scales, from diurnal to seasonal, in response to multiple drivers such as access to food, weather constraints, risk avoidance and human disturbance. Within this framework, we hypothesised that large herbivores cope with human-altered landscapes through the alternate use of complementary habitats at both daily and seasonal scales. Objectives We tested the Complementary Habitat Hypothesis in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) by classifying 3900 habitat-annotated movement trajectories of 154 GPS-monitored individuals across contrasting landscapes. Methods We considered day-night alternation between open food-rich and closed refuge habitats as a measure of complementary habitat use. We first identified day–night alternation using the Individual Movement - Sequence Analysis Method, then we modelled the proportion of day–night alternation over the year in relation to population and individual characteristics. Results We found that day-night alternation is a widespread behaviour in roe deer, even across markedly different landscapes. Day–night alternation followed seasonal trends in all populations, partly linked to vegetation phenology. Within populations, seasonal patterns of open/closed habitat alternation differed between male and female adults, but not in juveniles. Conclusion Our results support the Complementary Habitat Hypothesis by showing that roe deer adjust their access to the varied resources available in complex landscapes by including different habitats within their home range, and sequentially alternating between them in response to seasonal changes and individual life history

HER3 as biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer: new insights in pertuzumab therapy in preclinical models.

International audienceThe anti-HER2 antibody pertuzumab inhibits HER2 dimerization and affects HER2/HER3 dimer formation and signaling. As HER3 and its ligand neuregulin are implicated in pancreatic tumorigenesis, we investigated whether HER3 expression could be a predictive biomarker of pertuzumab efficacy in HER2low-expressing pancreatic cancer. We correlated in vitro and in vivo HER3 expression and neuregulin dependency with the inhibitory effect of pertuzumab on cell viability and tumor progression. HER3 knockdown in BxPC-3 cells led to resistance to pertuzumab therapy. Pertuzumab treatment of HER3-expressing pancreatic cancer cells increased HER3 at the cell membrane, whereas the anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody 9F7-F11 down-regulated it. Both antibodies blocked HER3 and AKT phosphorylation and inhibited HER2/HER3 heterodimerization but affected differently HER2 and HER3 homodimers. The pertuzumab/9F7-F11 combination enhanced tumor inhibition and the median survival time in mice xenografted with HER3-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. Finally, HER2 and HER3 were co-expressed in 11% and HER3 alone in 27% of the 45 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas analyzed by immunohistochemistry. HER3 is essential for pertuzumab efficacy in HER2low-expressing pancreatic cancer and HER3 expression might be a predictive biomarker of pertuzumab efficacy in such cancers. Further studies in clinical samples are required to confirm these findings and the interest of combining anti-HER2 and anti-HER3 therapeutic antibodies

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Parcours de vie des enfants et des jeunes relevant du dispositif de protection de l'enfance : les paradoxes d'une biographie sous injonction

International audienceCet article vise, à travers l'expérience d'enfants et de jeunes de l'aide sociale à l'enfance, à mettre à l'épreuve l'idée de l'individualisation de l'action publique, ainsi que ce qu'elle implique en termes d'accompagnement des publics concernés. A partir de 31 récits de parcours d'enfants et de jeunes de 11 à 25 ans, nous avons cherché à comprendre les paradoxes d'une acquisition de l'autonomie sous contrainte. Il ressort des récits biographiques des enfants placés, l'expérience de conditions de socialisation extrêmement paradoxales. Alors que les enfants ne disposent pas toujours d'un espace de réflexivité pour élaborer leur propre histoire, sont peu associés aux décisions qui les concernent et voient les liens tissés durant la prise en charge peu reconnus, il leur est demandé en permanence de se raconter et de s'engager biographiquement. Le dispositif de protection de l'enfance marque un point d'entrée de la puissance publique dans les familles où des enfants dits « en danger ou en risque de l'être » peuvent être retirés à ces dernières à des fins de protection. Il met en scène des acteurs pris dans des relations contraignantes aux institutions, captifs de décisions qu'ils ne maîtrisent pas. La domination de classe subie par les familles concernées, défavorisées, contrôlées