Refractory macular edema in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is one of the most common X-linked inherited, bilateral vitreoretinal dystrophiesaffecting males in the first two decades of life. In this article, we present a case report of a young man whopresented with gradual decrease in visual acuity in both eyes that was attributed to macular edema and foveal schisisin the inner retinal layers. He was investigated by appropriate ocular images which were consistent with a diagnosisof XLRS. He was treated by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injection, dorzolamideeye drops and intravitreal steroids injection without improvement

Vision deterioration in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a poorly understood, severe neurological condition secondary to impaired auto-regulation in the vertebrobasilar brain circulation resulting in subcortical vasogenic oedema distributed mainly in the white mater of the parietal and occipital lobes. Affecting optic radiation, PRES leads to visual deterioration, e.g. blurred vision, different types of vision field deficits, or even total blindness. The symptoms have a sudden onset and rapid progression, but are usually at least partially reversible. To bring this rare disorder closer to ophthalmologists, we present two cases of patients diagnosed with PRES

Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy — a case series

The objective of our study was to report the course of the disease in a family affected with autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV, OMIM#193235). ADNIV is a very rare inherited blinding disease due to mutations in CAPN5 gene. We assembled a retrospective observational case series of ADNIV patients. We noticed first symptoms in different ages, similar course of the disease and its progression leading in most cases to complete blindness despite treatment

Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy — a review

Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) is a hereditary autoimmune disorder of the eye caused by mutations in the CAPN5 gene. It is characterized by non-specific uveitis in the anterior chamber and vitreous leading to panuveitis, iris and retinal neovascularization, cystoid macular edema, abnormal retinal pigmentation, vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular fibrosis, membrane formation and tractional retinal detachment. ADNIV is a progressive disease leading to complete blindness despite of treatment. Confirmation is made by genetic analysis demonstrating mutations of the CAPN5 gene

Management of retinal detachment with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy in Terson syndrome — case report

We present a case of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage accompanied by a dense vitreous hemorrhage and subsequent retinal detachment with strong proliferative retinopathy (PVR) in a young woman. The surgical treatment included vitrectomy with PVR removal, ILM peeling and silicone oil as a tamponade. In our case, the treatment resulted in recovery of vision and improved activities of daily living, although unusually vitreous hemorrhage was complicated with retinal detachment and strong PVR

Unilateral optic disc swelling as a first sign of optic nerve sheath meningioma — a case report

Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM) are rare, slow-growing, benign tumours, which constitute approximately 2% of all orbital tumours of the anterior visual pathway (or orbital or anterior visual pathway) and 1–2% of all meningiomas. Middle-aged females are primarily affected. Untreated ONSMs usually lead to progressive visual decline, colour blindness, and finally complete loss of vision. Surgical excision may result in blindness in the affected eye. Stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy has recently shown effectiveness in improving or stabilising remaining visual function with minimal procedural morbidity in patients with ONSM. We present a case of a 59-year-old female with unilateral optic nerve sheath meningioma treated with stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy. During eight months of follow-up we observed persistent oedema of the right optic disc and full visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography showed decreased peripapillary nerve fibre layer

Disability caused by post-stroke visual impairment as an underestimated clinical problem — case report

Ischaemic cerebral stroke is a common complication following cardiovascular diseases. In everyday clinical practice, visual field defects are diagnosed in approximately one in four ischaemic stroke patients. The incidence of cerebral stroke manifesting only with visual defects is higher than might be expected. Post-stroke visual impairment is associated with deteriorated quality of life of the affected, can lead to partially reduced self-reliance, and imposes job changes. We present a case of a 46-year-old male with visual field impairment secondary to cerebral ischaemia, to highlight this important issue

Surgical pearls: combined retinal detachment and choroidal detachment — can you insert an infusion cannula?

Combined retinal detachment and choroidal detachment is an uncommon diagnosis that a surgeon will occasionallyface. Although the experienced vitreoretinal surgeon can manage nearly all obstacles during the surgery, an inexperiencedvitreoretinal surgeon will face a few difficulties during certain steps. In this article, we describe a case reportand highlight some of these obstacles and suggest some options to overcome them

Adverse effect of UV radiation on eyes — a review

The aim of this study is to discuss the association between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and eye diseases. UVR whichreaches the surface of the Earth consists of 95% UVA and 5% of UVB. Both acute and chronic exposure to UVRleads to pathological changes in the eye. There is strong evidence that UVR exposure causes photokeratitis, photoretinitis,climatic droplet keratopathy, cataract, pterygium, squamous cell carcinoma of cornea and conjunctiva,cancer of the eyelids (squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma). Association between UVR and pinguecula, AMD(age-related macular degeneration) and melanoma of the eyeball is ambiguous. UVR exposure occurs all day and allyear long, which is why eye protection is necessary to avoid diseases induced by UVR. In particular childrens’ eyesshould be protected from the sun. Efficient protection is provided by accurate clothing, hats, eyeglasses or contactlenses blocking UV light