Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Anticoagulation with warfarin and rivaroxaban ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Effects of rivaroxaban on the coagulation status of SJL/J mice. For anticoagulation with rivaroxaban, SJL/J mice were treated with 30 mg/kg rivaroxaban for 3 days every 12 h via oral gavage. One hour after the last application, the rivaroxaban plasma concentration (a) and the thrombin activity (b) were determined in treated animals and controls (n = 5 per group). To monitor the thrombin activity over time, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the application, the thrombin activity was measured (c, n = 5 per time point). (DOC 68 kb

Patients are grouped according to discharge diagnosis (“ICD” = International Classification of Diseases).

<p>“n” depicts the number of patients per diagnosis. “n<0.05” displays the number of patients per diagnosis with GFAP values below the lower detection limit of the used immunoassay. The remaining values (those above the lower detection limit) are displayed as individual values in the graph. Individual patients with increased GFAP values are easy to recognize. Mean GFAP values and standard deviation (SD) are also provided for each diagnosis. The diagnoses with the three highest mean GFAP values are labelled in red. * = GFAP value of one sample is missing. ** = Results of the BE FAST study for comparison <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062101#pone.0062101-Foerch2" target="_blank">[4]</a>.</p

SuppTable2 – Supplemental material for Beta adrenoceptor blockade ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance and alterations of the cerebral ceramide metabolism in an experimental model of ischemic stroke

<p>Supplemental material, SuppTable2 for Beta adrenoceptor blockade ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance and alterations of the cerebral ceramide metabolism in an experimental model of ischemic stroke by Sebastian Luger, Annette Schwebler, Rajkumar Vutukuri, Nerea Ferreiros Bouzas, Sandra Labocha, Yannick Schreiber, Robert Brunkhorst, Helmuth Steinmetz, Josef Pfeilschifter and Waltraud Pfeilschifter in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders</p

Supplemental-Figure1_FACS_FTY720 – Supplemental material for Beta adrenoceptor blockade ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance and alterations of the cerebral ceramide metabolism in an experimental model of ischemic stroke

<p>Supplemental material, Supplemental-Figure1_FACS_FTY720 for Beta adrenoceptor blockade ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance and alterations of the cerebral ceramide metabolism in an experimental model of ischemic stroke by Sebastian Luger, Annette Schwebler, Rajkumar Vutukuri, Nerea Ferreiros Bouzas, Sandra Labocha, Yannick Schreiber, Robert Brunkhorst, Helmuth Steinmetz, Josef Pfeilschifter and Waltraud Pfeilschifter in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders</p

SuppTable1 – Supplemental material for Beta adrenoceptor blockade ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance and alterations of the cerebral ceramide metabolism in an experimental model of ischemic stroke

<p>Supplemental material, SuppTable1 for Beta adrenoceptor blockade ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance and alterations of the cerebral ceramide metabolism in an experimental model of ischemic stroke by Sebastian Luger, Annette Schwebler, Rajkumar Vutukuri, Nerea Ferreiros Bouzas, Sandra Labocha, Yannick Schreiber, Robert Brunkhorst, Helmuth Steinmetz, Josef Pfeilschifter and Waltraud Pfeilschifter in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders</p

S1P is increased in the periinfarct cortex, not explained by changes in the expression of enzymes of S1P metabolism.

<p>a) S1P, FTY720 and pFTY720 were measured at day 4 by tandem mass spectrometry. b) SK1, SK2 and SGPL1 were measured at day 4 by RT-PCR. Differences between treatment groups were analyzed using Student’s unpaired two-tailed t-test. Data are presented as means ± S.D. **, <i>P</i>≤0.01; *, <i>P</i>≤0.05; n.s., non-significant; <i>n</i> = 10/group.</p

FTY720-treatment leads to an increase of VEGFα-mRNA, but not BDNF- and EPO-mRNA in the periinfarct cortex.

<p>RT-PCR analysis of neurotrophic factors in periinfarct tissue of FTY720-treated mice compared to samples of saline-treated mice. Differences between treatment groups were analyzed using Student’s unpaired two-tailed t-test. Data are presented as means+S.D. *, <i>P</i>≤0.05; n.s., non-significant; <i>n</i> = 10/group.</p

Improved recovery after stroke with late-initiated FTY720-treatment.

<p>a) Forelimb asymmetry was assessed using the cylinder task. b) Foot faults were measured using the grid-walking test. Data are presented as means ± S.D.; * <i>P</i><0.05; ** <i>P</i><0.01; *** <i>P</i><0.001; pre-OP - before photothrombotic stroke. Differences between treatment groups at each time point of neurological assessment were analyzed using Student’s two-tailed unpaired t-test; <i>n</i> = 20/group.</p

FTY720-treatment results in larger PSD’s in layer ½ of the periinfarct cortex.

<p>a) Exemplary image of the periinfarct cortex in an FTY720-treated animal, acquired by confocal microscopy and the vamp2d-algorithm <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070124#pone.0070124-Dumitriu1" target="_blank">[16]</a>. Scale bar = 2 µm. b) Quantification of the PSD-size. c) Quantification of PSD-numbers by the vamp3d-algorithm. Data are presented as means+S.D. * <i>P</i>≤0.05; n.s. - non-significant. Differences between treatment groups were analyzed using Student’s two-tailed unpaired t-test; <i>n</i> = 6/group.</p