Positively charged magneto-excitons in a semiconductor quantum well

A variational calculation of the lower singlet and triplet states of positively charged excitons (trions) confined to a single quantum well and in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field is presented. We study the dependence of the energy levels and of the binding energy on the well width and on the magnetic field strength. Our results are compared with the available experimental data and show a good qualitative and quantitative agreement. A singlet-triplet crossing is found which for a 200 \AA wide GaAs is predicted to occur for B = 15 T.Comment: 5 figs. Submitted to PR

Citizenship and religion in the first-millennium bce Mediterranean: from Etruria to Iberia

This short contribution summarises an impending research project that will be carried as part of the 2021–22 Distinguished Fellowship programme at the Max-Weber-Kolleg (University of Erfurt) within the research cluster Religion and Urbanity. The aim of the project is to contribute to a comparative understanding of first-millennium bce Mediterranean urbanism by focusing on citizenship, through the investigation of the archaeological record of ritual contexts in two selected regions: southern Tyrrhenian Etruria and southeastern Iberia. The project builds on recent research on comparative urbanism and the role of religion in urban life, from Greek history to interdisciplinary studies on religion. The particular focus will be to understand whether, and the extent to which, religion provided the conceptual and material space for expressing membership to the urban community or, in one word, citizenship

Connectivity beyond the urban community in central Italy

Two significant recent developments concerning the archaeology of Iron Age central Italy call for a fresh analysis of settlement dynamics in the region and their relations vis-à-vis one another. The first development is the reconsideration of ancient urban centres as single entities, and the need, which has mostly been advocated for the Classical and later historical Mediterranean, to examine the systems or networks within which these centres functioned. The second development is the increasing amount of fieldwork-based research in those regions that have been situated at the margins of scholarly interest. New data from such research increasingly allow us to see the networks or systems that linked these regions to better-known ones on the Tyrrhenian coast. Such developments enable us to reassess the importance traditionally given to the core urban area of central Italy, and to offer a more balanced framework for understanding the exchange dynamics among Iron Age Central Italian communities. This chapter intends to do precisely that, and in so doing, its aim is twofold: first, to decentralise central Italy in line with studies on other Mediterranean regions that have similarly dispelled distinctions between core urban areas and non-urban peripheries; second, to shift attention away from evolutionary and other categories towards a perspective that stresses connectivity and patterns of human mobility

Violence, power and religion in the South Etruscan Archaic city-state

Changes in architectural terracotta decoration of temple buildings in Archaic southern Etruria indicate changing attitudes towards the encounter with divinity, which, in turn, shaped religious experience for worshippers, as well as offering an opportunity for the exploitation of that experience to political ends. This paper explores this entanglement by comparing Greek and Etruscan religion and its related material expression, and by taking the city-state of Caere and its temple decoration as a case study and particularly the cult and iconography of Greek hero Herakles and related myths into account in order to examine the intersection between ritualization and political power in a phase of urban growth across Tyrrhenian Central Italy

Urbanization and Foundation Rites: The Material Culture of Rituals at the Heart and the Margins of Etruscan Early Cities

The origins of urbanism in Etruria and central Tyrrhenian Italy have been the concern of both Etruscology and the Roman School of Italian protohistory. This chapter draws a detailed picture of Etruscan urbanization and its accompanying rituals. It examines the evidence for these rituals and considers the scholarly history and the milestones that have occurred over the last 30 years. An emphasis on urban networks in Etruria parallels recent studies on Mediterranean urbanization and colonization that have been influenced by network thinking and the post colonial turn taking place in historical and social sciences over the last decade. Roman foundation rites involved the augurs, who determined the will of the gods through the observation of various natural phenomena. The chapter also examines early Iron Age intramural burials taking place at the physical boundaries of the city, the cemeteries, where burial practices became increasingly elaborate in the course of eighth century

Wine Production and Exchange and the Value of Wine Consumption in Sixth-century BC Etruria

This paper attempts to bridge the gulf between two often separate research agendas in Archaic period Etruria, one concerned with the archaeology of wine and agricultural production and redistribution, the other with figured representations of drinking and the associated symbolic visual language. It does so by examining the relationship between changing processes of production, consumption and exchange and the symbolism of drinking in the visual and material culture of sixth-century BC Tyrrhenian Etruria. In this analysis, I maintain that changing modes of agricultural production and distribution had an impact on such symbolism in elite funerary and domestic contexts, with key evidence also coming from sanctuaries. In particular, it is argued that during the seventh century BC, the visual language related to wine drinking alludes to experiences of bodily otherness; this is indicated by the symbolic correlation between accessibility to wine, the dangers of maritime travel and death. From the sixth century BC, we can trace a shift towards a visual language that centred on cultural difference or otherness: this is noticeable in the introduction of Dionysiac imagery and new mythological narratives of cross-cultural encounters, as well as a new emphasis on codified drinking and culturally differentiated drinking vessels. This shift is more or less contemporary with other changes, namely the production and distribution of agricultural surplus in the Tyrrhenian region and beyond, and shifting values of objects in that exchange