Keragaman Genetik Empat Populasi Lntsia Bijuga Berdasarkan Penanda Rapd dan Implikasinya Bagi Program Konservasi Genetik

Intsia bijuga atau merbau merupakan jenis kayu bemilai ekonomi tinggi dan telah mengalami eksploitasi yang intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari keragaman genetik populasi merbau guna membantu penyusunan strategi konservasi genetik, dengan menggunakan penanda RAPD. Sampel daun dikumpulkan dari 4 populasi dan dianalisa menggunakan 15 primer RAPD yang menghasilkan 77 lokus polimorfik. Rata-rata lokus polimorfik per primer adalah 5.1. Nilai keragaman genetik rerata dalam populasi sebesar 0,296 sedangkan keragaman antara populasi 0.141. Analisis klaster membagi keempat populasi menjadi dua kelompok populasi yaitu Carita dan Manokwari pada kelompok pertama, sedangkan kelompok kedua terdiri dari populasi Temate dan Nabire. Pembagian kelompok antara Manokwari dan Nabire lebih memperjelas pembagian Papua menjadi 6 wilayah geogenetik

Karakteristik Pembungaan Dan Sistem Perkawinan Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Pada Hutan Tanaman Di Watusipat, Gunung Kidul

Flowering are influenced by internal factors, such as genetic and phytohormone, and environment factors, such as sunlight and nutrition intake. The flowering characteristics influence fruiting and genetic diversity seedlings through mating systems. This study aims to assess flowering and fruiting characteristics and to determine pattern of mating system of a Calophyllum inophyllum plantation at Watusipat, Gunung Kidul. Flowering and fruiting were observed at 4 locations, 3 parts of crown, and 4 main directions to know the effects of sunlight, nutrition intake and phytohormone in the flowering process. Mating system was assessed by comparing genetic diversity values between parent trees and offsprings. The values of genetic diversity were analyzed using 5 RAPD primers with 17 polymorphic loci. Analysis of variant showed that the locations, crown parts, directions and interaction between a location and direction significantly affected to differences number of flowers and fruits. Values of genetic diversity (h) of parent trees ranged between 0.1471 and 0.3056. The values increased at almost overall offsprings; it ranged between 0.2864 and 0.3750. Values of genetic distance (Da) between parent trees were high and very high (0.197 – 0.364), but the values was decreased between parent trees and their offspring, even between offspring populations. A dendrogram showed two main clusters; first cluster consisted parent trees at up edge with rare trees and second cluster consisted sub cluster parent trees at up edge; sub cluster parent trees at down middle; and sub cluster parent trees at down edge and overall offsprings. Flowering/ fruiting characteristics and pattern of mating systems of C. inophyllum were briefly discussed

Screening Penanda Mikrosatelit Shorea Curtisii Terhadap Jenis-jenis Shorea Penghasil Tengkawang

Screening primer is an effective method to develop microsatellite markers from related taxa. Aim of this study was to develop microsatellite markers of four Shorea producing tengkawang oil, i.e. Shorea gysbertiana, Shorea macrophylla, Shorea pinanga and Shorea stenoptera by screening microsatellite primers of Shorea curtisii. Leaf samples of the four Shorea were collected from nursery at Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Research in Yogyakarta. Four microsatellite primers of S. curtisii i.e. Shc-1, Shc-2, Shc-7 and Shc-9 had been used to screen. Results showed that numerous alleles were shared among the Shorea. The expected heterozygosity (HE) for locus Shc-1 ranged between 0.594 and 0.722; locus Shc-2 ranged between 0.219 and 0.611; locus Shc-7 ranged between 0.594 and 0.778; and locus Shc-9 ranged between 0.594 and 0.844. Coefficient of inbreeding (FIS) value was low and it was insignificant deviated from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) at almost all loci except Shc-1 of S. pinanga. A dendrogram showed two clusters; S. gysbertsiana and S. macrophylla represented in one cluster, while S. pinanga and S. stenoptera represented in another cluster. Therefore the developed microsatellite markers are possible to be applied for studying population genetics and mating system of these species

Pengujian Awal Penanda Jenis Spesifik Pada Jamur Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Busuk Akar Pada Akasia

Root rot caused by Ganoderma philippii (Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc.) Bres., is an important disease in Acacia plantation. A strategy to control this disease is currently being developed, particularly on the application of biological control agent (BCA). Species specific primers for rapid identification of potential fungi as BCA were developed. This study aimed to obtain the best DNA condition and the best primers for species specific identification. DNA with 20x dilution is the best condition for amplification of the ITS fragment thus used for rapid species identification. The best primer set to detect Cerrena sp. is CrF1/CrR1, PbF2/PbR2 is the best primer set for Phlebiopsis sp. 1. There was no specific primer suitable to detect Phlebia sp. 1 and Phlebia sp. 2 only but Pl-2F1/Pl-2R4 is the best primer set for Phlebia spp

Variasi Genetik Pinus Merkusii Menggunakan Penanda Mikrosatelit Kloroplas

Using two chloroplast universal primers, haplotipic within and among populations of Pinus merkusii had been evaluated, in order to access paternal variation of this species. The aim of this study was to investigate variation of chloroplast microsatellite in P. merkusii. Using two universal chloroplast microsatelites, a total of 18 chloroplast haplotypes were found among 730 individuals surveyed in 10populations in Java. Private haplotypes mostly found at eastern Java populations. The number ofdetected haplotypes (Na) within populations ranged between 5 and 14. Variation of haplotypes (h) was relatively hight; it ranged between 0.727 and 0.858. Nei\u27s genetic distance among populations was very low (Da=0.030). Moreover, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed genetic variation originated from within population but the value was insignificant.It was concluded that private haplotypes found in eastern Java might show gene pool of P. merkusii in Java. These detected haplotypes are of important information for genetic resources conservation anf breeding strategy of P. merkusii

Seleksi dan Perolehan Genetik pada Uji Keturunan Generasi Kedua Kayuputih (Melaleuca Cajuputi Subsp. Cajuputi) di Gunungkidul

Breeding for cajuput in Indonesia has moved into advanced generation breeding cycle through establishing second-generation progeny trial. A series of selection would be practiced in the trial before converting into a seedling seed orchard to produce genetically improved seed. In this study, a series of selection, followed by prediction of genetic gain will be observed in the second-generation progeny trial of cajuput established at Gunungkidul. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD), 65 families, three tree-plot, four replications, and spacing of 3 × 1,5 meter. Measurement was conducted on height and diameter at 2 years age. In the trial, within-plot selection has been practiced phenotypicaly by retaining one of the best tree out of the three tree within each plot. Succesive family selection was then simulated from the result of within-plot selection. Results of study showed that estimates of heritabily for diameter were higher than that for height. Genetic and phenotypic correlation between the two traits was moderate at around 0.57. Within-plot selection practiced in the trial resulted positive selection differential for all measured traits. Diameter showed higher coefficient weight of selection (0.4280) than height (0.0406) which indicates that the practiced within-plot selection was more imposed for diameter than that for height. Genetic gain from within-plot selection calculated using selection index were 20.76% for diameter and 12.73% for height. Simulated family selection using the same coefficient weight as within-plot selection resulted lower genetic gain at around 12.26% and 7.52% for diameter and height, respectivelly